COLOKAFM) Pl.ANT DiSIOASKS 
49 
meiit is the only known method of killing the fungus Avithin the 
kernel AAuthout injiiiing the gi’ain. 
Because of the difficulty in applying the hot w^ater treatment 
Avithout injuring the seed it is advised that this method be used 
oidy for treating a small quantity of grain. The small lot of treated 
grain should be planted in a seed plot separated as far as possible 
from other grain fields. The seed from this seed plot should be used 
in planting the larger fields the succeeding j^ear. The resulting crop 
should be free of loose smut. 
For directions in applying the hot Avater treatment see Part III. 
OATS 
Oat Smuts (Ustilago avenae and levis) — There are tAvo smuts 
of oats, a loose smut and a covered smut, but they differ so slightly 
that for all practical purposes they may be considered as one. Both 
are extremely destructive. The life history of the oat smuts is 
practically the same as that of the covered smut of barley and there- 
fore the formaldehyde treatment is effectwe. 
Smut of oats. A — Covered 
smut. B — Loose smut. 
Flag smut of rye. • (After Stakman and Levine.) 
