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Key to Genera 
Seeds with a persistent pappus 
Pappus feathery (plumose) 1 . . Laciniaria 
l‘appus not plumose 
Pappus of 2-4 barbed teeth .. 2..Bidens 
Pappus of 1-2 awl-shaped (subulate) teeth Z..Ratibida 
Seeds without a persistent pappus 
Seeds distinctly flattened, compre-'sed, angled 
Seeds with a light colored margin i.. Achillea 
Seeds marginless 
Seeds flattened but obscurely 4-angled 
Seeds smooth, usually uniform in color 5 . . Carduus 
Seeds rough or hairy, usually mottled or striped . .Helianthus 
Seeds most’.y 4-5 angled or ribbed, smooth, irregular .... 7. .Grindelia 
Seeds not flattened ; cylindrical in shape 
Seeds smooth, 2-ribbed or without ribs S . . A7demisia 
Seeds rough, 10-ribbed 
Ribs white 9 . . Chrysanthemum 
Ribs of the same color as the achene ■ lQ..Anthemis 
1. Blazing Star, Button Snakeroot 
{Lacinaria Hill., Liatris, Schrel).) 
Fig. 141. Dotted Button Snake- 
root tLaciniaria punctata), x 6. 
A c h e n e s 10-ribbed, slender, 
tapering from the top to the base: 
pappus of 1 or 2 circles or series of 
firm, equal, plumose hairs, or finely 
barbed bristles. 
Dotted Button Snakeroot, 
Blazing Star {Laciniaria punctata 
(Hook.) Kuntze) (Fig. 141). — Seeds 
neutral-gray in color, 10-ribbed, 
hairy throughout, 6-8 mm. long ; 
pappus plumose 8-10 mm. long. 
Bur-marigold 
L.) 
2. Beggar-ticks, 
'{Bidens 
Achenes either flat, obscurely 4-angled or almost circular in outline, 
wedge-shaped or oblong; pappus of 2-4 awns or teeth usually barbed down- 
wardly or covered with bristly, stiff hairs. 
