GEOLOGY. 
3 
formed by Colonel Strachey, chiefly at Niti, was described by Messrs. Salter and Blanford 
in 1865 ; 1 whilst the Schlagintweits’ collections were entrusted to Professor Oppel, and 
descriptions and figures of them published by him. 2 Other less important notes had appeared, 
and several imperfect descriptions of the geology ; but no thorough sections had been made, 
and, beyond the general fact that fossils of silurian, carboniferous, triassic, liassic, and 
jurassic forms were represented in the various collections, very little, indeed, had been done 
towards elucidating the geological structure of the country. 
This work was admirably carried out by Dr. Stoliczka. In the course of a single season’s 
work, in a most difficult country, amongst some of the highest mountains in the world, he 
clearly established the sequence of formations ; and, from his extensive palaeontological know- 
ledge, was able to do this with an accuracy, which has stood the test of subsequent research. 
He, moreover, added to the list of known formations the representatives of rhsetic and 
cretaceous rocks not previously detected, and showed that some of the other groups might be 
sub-divided. 
The presence of this remarkable series of marine fossiliferous beds in the North-Western 
Himalayan region — a series in which all the principal European palaeozoic and mesozoic groups, 
except the Cambrian, devonian, permian, and neocomian, are represented — is none the less 
surprising, that scarcely any of the formations, except a few oolitic and cretaceous strata, are 
found in the peninsula of India, beyond the Indus river basin. In the hills of the Pan jab 
some of the formations have been detected, but they were until recently very imperfectly 
known. 
The following is the sequence of formations, with the fossils found in them by Dr. 
Stoliczka : — 
I. 
II. 
III . 
SUB-RECENT OR 
NEWER TERTIARY. 
TERTIARY ... Eocene 
River and lacustrine deposits. — Karewak deposits of Godwin-Austen, &c. ; 
Mammalian hones. 
... (Nummulitic) Indus or Sliingo beds .— Nummnlites ramondi ; N. expo- 
nents. 
MESOZOIC ... Cbetaceous (9) Chikkim shales. 
(8) Chikkim limestone .— Rudistes (fragments), Nodosaria, 2 sp., Dentalina 
( annulata ?), Rotalia, sp., Texlilaria, 2 sp., Haplophragmium, sp., 
Cristellaria, sp. 
Upper jukassic (7) Gieumal sandstone— Ostrea, sp., near O. grey aria ; another species near 
O. soiverbii ; Gyp7tcea, sp., A vicula echinata , 31ytilus wytiloideus , 
JJma, sp., Amushtm demissum , Zecten bifrons, Anatina spitiensis, 
Stol., A . sp., nov., Opis, sp. 
Middle Jubassic(6) Spiti shales .—Salenia ? sp., Terehratula sp., Rhynconella varians, Ostrea , 
sp., Pecten lens, Amnsium (conf. Pecten stolidus), Aucella hlartfordi- 
ana, Stol., A. leguminosa, Stol., Lima, sp., near L. rigula, Inoceramus 
hookeri, Macrodon egerlonianum, Stol., Nucula, sp., Nucula cunei- 
formis, Cyprina irigonalis, Trigonia eostata, Astarte unilateralis, A. 
major, A. spitiensis, Stol., A. hiemalis, Stol., PL omomya tibetica, 
Pleurotomaria, 2 sp., Ammonites acneinclus, A.strigilis, A. macro- 
cephalns , 3 A. octagonus, A. liyphasis, A. parkinsoni, A. theodorii, A. 
sabineanus, A. spitiensis, A. curvicosta, A. braikenridgii, A. nivalis, 
Stol., A. liparns,A. triplicatus, A. biplex,A. alatus, Anisoceras gerar- 
dianum, Relemnites canal iculattis, R. clavatus. 
(5) Clayey slates.— Belemnites, sp., Posidonomya omata. 
Paleontology of Niti, printed for private circulation, Calcutta. 
* Pataontologi ache Mittheilungen, 1863, p. 267 ; 1865, p. 289. 
* ■‘■aweontologisohe Mittheilungen, 1863, p. ZOY ; isoo, p. sotf. , . ,, . _ identical 
. ' According to Dr. Waagen, Pakeontologia Indica, Ser. IX, 3, p 237, foot-note, tbs and several other species am not identical 
^ith the S "in i 1»1 j 1 J- — »n J V».r Tlv 
wording to Dr. Waagen, Ualseontologia maica, oei. ia, o, p. 
s European fossil forms to which they were refereed by Dr. Stoliczka. 
