GEOLOGY. 
7 
carboniferous and triassic beds completely lap round and replace the older metamorpliics. In 
his last journey Dr. Stoliczka has shown that another great sedimentary region in the 
Karakoram area lies between the crystalline Ladak ridge and the gneissic rocks forming the 
Kuenluen. But in tills region no oolitic or cretaceous beds have hitherto been found, the 
highest fossiliferous rocks observed being liassic.* North of the Kuenluen, however, the pre- 
sence of a cretaceous formation was detected. 
As occasional reference must be made in the ensuing pages to the names given by Mr. 
Medlicott to particular formations on the southern slopes of the Himalayas, a list of these 
groups, with their supposed trans-Himalayan equivalents, is appended. It must be remem- 
bered that the identifications are little more than, surmises, 2 and were only suggested as 
probable by Dr. Stoliczka, no fossils having been found in the cis-Himalayan rocks below 
the nummulitics. 
Age. 
Pliocene 
and 
Miocene 
/ Siwalik 
f Nahan 
Cis-Himalayan. Trans-Himalayan. 
i Mammalif erous . 
Deposits of Tibet 
(? Karewali, in part). 
Eocene ( [ Nvmmulitic ) Sirmur 
Trias 
Carboniferous 
Silurian 
Kasauli (purple and grey sandstones) ' 
Dagsliai (red clays, pnrple and grey ( 
sandstones). 
Sabathu (brown and grey clays and\ 
limestones). 
. Krol (limestone) 
Infra- Krol (sandstone and carbonaceous stales) 
fBlini (limestone and conglomerate) . 
‘ \ Infra-Mini (slates and sandstone) 
Indus or Stingo beds. 
Lalang series. 
Kuling series. 
Mutt. 
Btabet. 
On the other hand, there is some slight possibility of the Krol limestone being niimmu- 
htic, and Mr. Medlicott at one time, and before the trans-Himalayan rocks had been classified 
hy Dr. Stoliczka, was rather inclined to this view, 3 but he never considered the evidence in its 
favour of much importance. 
Iu the following pages the order preserved is that of the journey : first, the notes taken 
from the diary of the route from the Panjab to Leh, then the (previously printed) geolo- 
gical descriptions of the journey from Leh to Shah-i-dula, and from Shah-i-dula to Kiishghar •> 
nex L the excursions from Kaslighar to the Chadyr-kul and to Altyn Artysh ; and finally, the 
notes from the diary of the journey to the Pamir, and of the return march from Yarkand to 
fhe Karakoram pass. The sections illustrative of the geology of the country are fiom 
sketches in Dr. Stoliczka’s note-book; they are introduced, as they serve greatly to explain the 
relations of the rocks, but it should be remembered that the original drawings are frequently 
r °ugh, and they may not, in some instances, have been quite correctly interpreted. Should 
subsequent research show the sections to require modification, the circumstances under which 
they were prepared should be remembered. 
Dr. Stoliczka himself spoke of his geological results as meagre. This is, probably, the 
first impression of most travellers : either they have traversed enormous areas composed of 
1 s omc obscure unfossiliferous sandstones near Kium, in Cbangcbenmo, and at Aktagh, north of tbe Karakoram pass, were 
1 6 erred with doubt to the tertiary epoch. ..' , ■ ,, 
" Mr. Lydekker’s surveys, made since the above was written, have indicated that some modification is probably necessary in tne 
^ 0Te fist of correlated strata. It appears now more probable that tbe Ivrol limestone is carboniferous. Records, Geo . urvey 
Kdia, XI, p. 03 
Memoirs, Geological Survey, Vol, III, p. 170. 
