GEOLOGY. 
13 
l^th, Chiliscomo . — The green rock becomes rather schistose about half-way between the 
hist camp and this, and nearly opposite Kharbu the syenite comes down to the river, and cuts 
° f the green rock : the former about here is light coloured and of the ordinary type. 
l Hh, Kargil . — Syenite rocks seen the whole way. 
20th, Shargol . — The tertiaries on the Kargil plain are much covered by diluvial conglom- 
erate. the Pashkyumkur is built on serpentine rock ; and from this spot to near Shargol all 
ie locks are serpentine, sometimes rather slaty and splintery, in other places much purer 
and solid, so that it could be worked for ordinary cups, &c. All along the river the diluvial 
conglomerate forms an almost continuous strip, particularly along the left hank of the 
stream. 
Wherever the valley widens a little, as at Lotsun, the conglomerate is found on both 
1'. 1< ( s, the horizontal banks rising up to 500 or 600 feet above the stream. About a mile 
10111 Shargol, grey and greenish and reddish shales come in from the hills to south-west 
and west, and are greatly developed north of Shargol. These shales appear to belong to the 
_ a >u ’ hu group, although they look rather metamorphic in some places, but in others they 
aie recent looking and micaceous. All about Shargol lumps of serpentine are sticking 
>u of them, and the whole are covered along the left bank of the stream with a conglomerate 
jjsmg to 600 and more feet above the river. Beyond this, south and south-east of Shargol, 
le higher hills all consist of triassic limestone, alternating near the base with rather highly 
o^et amorphic and sometimes strongly carbonaceous shales, which it is very difficult to dis- 
oiguish from the tertiary beds. I found no trace of fossils in the tertiaries, but the deter- 
1' 11 nation of the triassic limestone is tolerably certain. It is the same as above Eras, and 
las 0 Wm the peculiar pseudo-foraminiferous or semi-oolitic structure. 
''1st, Kharbu . — A good long march of 18 miles : we went by the Namika-la, and then 
urned almost south up the stream for about foiu* miles to Kharbu. The diluvial con- 
i'' 0ltlei ’ a te extends all the way along the river, mostly developed on the left bank, until we 
, aiUe d U P the stream almost north and then north-east and east towards the Namika-la. 
coupi e of miles from Shargol the monastery is built upon triassic limestone, and there 
ai( Uril P s a nd patches of it very often sticking out of the so-called tertiary shales. The 
iigure of Buddha a little further on is also cut in a single block of triassic limestone. 
len left the conglomerates at the Wakha river, we turned almost north. There 
tliT n ?^ iln S but very soft and crumbling grey and greenish (tertiary) shales as far as 
u Aamika pass, and for some distance on the other side, extending more to north 
a J out two miles east of the pass ; and the high hills to the north consisted of serpentine, 
11 * e s °uth of the Namika-la was a high solitary rock of trias limestone. The diluvial 
Conglomerates were again seen in the little stream from the Namika-la, and are very highly 
■'Veloped in the Kharbu stream. Approaching this, we had up to Kharbu, along the 
» u bank, all trias limestone, underlain by highly carbonaceous and metamorpliic-looking 
^ es and slates, which are always distinctly silky and micaceous on the planes of bed- 
s’’ and often very much contorted. 
32nd, Kharbu . — I went out in a north-easterly direction across the stream, and found 
e ground composed of various kinds of shales for several miles. First, the shales were 
* a ler carbonaceous ; then they became more slaty, gray, greenish, and red, but all rather highly 
luetamorphic. It is clear they cannot be tertiary ; for they all lay under the trias. The top 
( ft ^ Ie bills appears to consist partly of serpentine. Among the higher slates there are 
° n ^ JC b s of the same green rock that I saw south of Dras. 
d 
