14 
“ The eatable pine is, I think, pecnliar to the Sutlej Valley, and the seeds are a favourite food 
“ of the rare iSitta leucopsis. 
“ Fringillidce, like Metoponia pusilla, Loxia, himalayana. Propasser rodochrous, or Fre- 
“ gilus himalayanus, are usually found at the limit of trees, where they generally also 
“ breed. * * * 
“ The fauna of the more western portions of the Sutlej Valley can be viewed under two 
“ somewhat different sections, namely, that of the greater elevations, between 12,000 and 
“ about 6,000 feet, and that of the lesser elevation, 4,000 or 5,000 down to about 1,000 feet. 
“ The former section includes some of the largest forests of the Himalayan cedar, especially 
“ in the neighbourhood of Nachar, stretching on one side into the Wangur and Baspa 
“ valleys, and on the other along the tops of the hills almost to the immediate vicinity of 
“ Simla. About Guna and Serahan, between 7,000 and 9,000 feet, some of the finest 
“ specimens of the TJlmus himalayensis, Pavia indica, Juglans regia, mulberry, and other 
“ trees occur, besides a thick vegetation of low forests and brushwood. There exists on 
“ these moderate elevations a particularly mild climate ; the supply of water is abundant 
“ during the whole year, and some of the places best adapted for cultivation of grain, &c. are 
“ to be found here.” * * * * 
“ The Indian character of the flora and fauna becomes more prevalent the more we 
“ proceed southwards and the more we descend to lower elevations.” 
The country to which the paper refers extends for 180 miles along the course of the Sutlej 
from Shipki on the Tibetan frontier to Belaspur. 
The number of species of birds recorded amounted to 280, of which several were described 
as being probably new. 
In the year 1869 Stoliczka visited, during a [period of three months’ leave, portions of 
Burmah, the Malayan Peninsula, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and in the following 
year a crop of papers on the malacology, ornithology, reptiles, &c. of these regions 
appeared in due course ; but before mentioning these in further detail, it should be recorded 
that in 1869 a new subject of investigation presented itself to him, which time did not 
admit of his pursuing further, as it was his intention to do when sufficient materials should 
have been accumulated. His first paper on this subject was entitled “ A Contribution 
“ towards the knowledge of Indian Arachnoidea ” (38), and in 1873 he published another 
“ on the Indian species of Thelyphonus ” (66). 
Such papers, it may be here noticed, not unfrequently evoked criticism from those specialists 
who looked upon them as incursions into their special domains ; but Stoliczka was generally 
well enough armed to be able to do battle with his critics, though in the multitude of the 
subjects which he undertook it was well nigh impossible but that here and there an oversight 
should occur, which his critics did not fail to detect. These remarks apply, for instance, 
to several of his ornithological papers, which sometimes contained statements or identifications 
with which other ornithologists could not agree. In some directions, however, he had pro- 
bably no peers, and in them no hostile critics were ever heard of. 
Other papers which also appeared in 1869 were “ Osteological notes on Oxyglossus pusillus 
[Buna pusillus, Owen) from the tertiary frog beds in the Island of Bombay ” (36), and 
“ Observations regarding the changes of organs in certain mollusca” (37). 
Among the above-mentioned results of Stoliczka’s visit to the islands of the Bay of 
Bengal there is to be first noted what might almost be spoken of as one of his regular 
descriptive letters sent to Vienna and published on this occasion in the Verhandlungen der 
Geol. Beichsantalt (39). It was addressed, like many others, to Dr. v. Haidinger. From it we 
