GEOLOGY. 
87 
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11 some places this clay covering is thin, and on a sharp incline parts of it are often 
away, so that some of the slopes have a rather rugged appearance. Looking north 
!oesT n ^T S ^° n ^ lC s ^ es> kut principally, in all probability, a subaerial deposit, like the 
carrier 
s amo ^ aSS ’ ^ Saw wdiat was evidently limestone on one of the hills ; it was probably the 
of <T ^ ^ lC cai ^ on ^ erous limestone seen south-west of Sanju, but there was no possibility 
& . m S ncai ’ the hill. In a north by east direction I saw red tliin-bedded sandstones 
probabf ° m ' ° r .^ WO the beds apparently dipping to north-east. This red rock was very 
■ 1 . Da J identical with the cretaceous red sandstone north-west of Sanju, thus remarkably 
icatmg that this portion of the hills is a continuation of the Kuenluen. 
aide ' ' 0m .^ le P ass t° Chehil Gornbaz the rocks are palaeozoic carbonaceous slates, very vari- 
(j s tyii ce a nd dip. Near the pass the strike is indistinct : in the valley north of Chehil 
is nearly east and west, the beds being vertical and much contorted. 
on .1 Alarc ^ 1 26th, JPasrobdl ( across the Torat pass) . — The whole way nothing but the same 
lb'>h° naC(10US S ^ a ^ es an( i shales, and partly sandstone, were seen. They were dipping at a very 
P, ail gle to north by east or north-east by east. In some places they were interbedded 
1 crystalline limestone, and with white quartzite, in strata of about 40 to 50 feet in 
1 i'li eSS ' ^ the junction of the two streams, the Pasrobat and the Tongitar, and much 
tho \° r U ^’ 1 not ^ ce( t old diluvial gravel, in some places up to the thickness of 300 feet, 
hm- . ders m °stly consisting of crystalline gneissic rock : some of the boulders are of 
§e dimensions, and all are well-rormded. These boulder deposits must have been formed 
yj et *°nnous rivers and large quantities of snow. The gneiss is either fine-grained, with 
a 10 lte m ioa, sometimes almost schistose, or it is porphyritic with rosy quartz, white felspar 
1 n( a greenish mica. There is little schorl to be observed in any of the pieces. 
a March 27th, Tdrbdshi, about eight miles in a western direction— The carbonaceous slates 
,m' sa ndstone continued for about a mile from camp, seeming, however, more micaceous. 
^ gradually changed into dark carbonaceous mica schists with garnets; this again 
L a ua % into light-coloured mica schist, with more white quartz and less garnets, and this 
"■>0° ei U ' J0Ud i wo an( l a half miles from camp into gneiss. All the strata were dipping at about 
I . 0 north-east and north-east by east. In many places gravels conceal the rocks to a 
§ t of 150 feet above the river. On the greater heights dark-coloured schistose rocks are 
seen * ^ 1 ^ 
> they are mostly hornblendic. 
the L Ittrch 28th > Bcilghun.—A march of about 20 miles across the Cliichiklik plain and 
, °kniainak pass. All the rocks around are gneiss, which gets gradually schistose, but it 
is 
i>ed^ aYe<i iU a11 directions and breaks up easily ; the irregular cleavage entirely obliterates the 
m ^ a rch 29th and 30th, Balghwn to Chushman, and thence to Tashkurgdn (Sarikol) . — Two 
ltl - U ' 10s °f rather more than 20 miles altogether. The rocks are all metamorphic schists, rarely 
is Cace °us, but chiefly chloritic, quartzose, and hornblendic. North-west of the camp the dip 
vv est by north ; previously it was east by south. On the western side of the valley are thick 
Vt 1 deposits, the boulders mostly of gneiss and syenite. 
ti 2nd, Kanshubar, 16 miles. — The whole way nothing but gneiss, in different varia- 
0lls > was to be observed. At first where we entered the Tongitar (valley), the fine-grained 
-^itish gneiss was interstratified with dark gneiss and syenitic gneiss, full of schorl ; 
w tl 101 ° n ’ s y enit i° gneiss prevailed, then bands of beautiful reddish gneiss occurred in it, 
Pu •11 redd ish-brown quartz, reddish glassy felspar in large crystals, and bits of schorl. 
er on J fbe gneiss became more ordinary, both coai’sc and fine grained. 
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