GEOLOGY. 
39 
but 1 » are S ene rally seen at the turns of the river, and can be traced all the way down, 
aie nowhere more extensive. Before the river cut its present deep bed, its course was 
o Da > \ often interrupted, and small lakes formed, or, at least, its course was retarded, so as to 
orm these deposits. 
1 10th, and 11th, Sarhada to Patir, halting at Patuchand Yur.— Three marches 
gneiss t ' ' m< ^ ^ miles. Black slates alone were seen till 9 miles beyond Patuch, thence 
h { me-grained) and metamorphic rocks for the remainder of the way. The gneiss is 
^ndy, and disintegrates easily. 
in , A k r, t 12th and 13th, Patir to Panjah, or Kilci Panj, halting at Zang ; 20 miles from the 
onl J 3 from the latter. 
phic^ 0 special description of the geology is given. The beds seen were probably allmetamor- 
’ lc sam e as before. A hot spring opposite Patir is said to rise in black metamorphic slates.] 
hills * ^ le kills at Panjah consist of a metamorphic quartzose schist, which composes the 
a ° n Ike left bank of the valley. The rocks dip to south or south by east into the valley : 
_ ^kles west they are overlain by dark hornhlendic schist. 
q Lifter a halt of 12 days in Panjah, the party marched back to Kashghar territory by the 
Gat kamir, re-entering their former line of march at Kanshubar, east of Aktasli.] 
Zan<» 2Gth mUl 27 th ’ -P an 3 ah to Langerkish, 6 miles only — \ r isited the hot spring near 
•• the water is 120° The rocks are quartz, hornhlendic, and mica schist, with garnets, 
to the south-east. 
A P ril 27th, Yumkhana, 16 miles .— Old clay deposits reach to about 2,000 feet above the 
t h r Sent leve l of the river. The metamorphic schists are very variable, but highly micaceous 
-font (containing biotite) ; they still dip to the south-east, and include beds of white 
\ the left bank of the river they seem to dip under the gneiss, which is not dis- 
mc % stratified. 
biotit^* 28th> Yolmazdr > 12 miles .— Rocks same as before— all fine-grained gneiss, with 
by ^ much resemhhng the Himalayan central gneiss, with biotite mica, traversed mostly 
tfi e 1111 ^ cins of albite granite, with muscovite. It really seems that this is the continuation of 
fro -kml gneiss, in which the Spiti and Zaskar secondary rocks may form a bay, extending 
Kasl S ° U ^k-east towards north-west. About Bras the secondary rocks go over a saddle into 
c °Us' f lf ’ Ihe gneiss continues northward. Hornhlendic beds often occur in the gneiss ; they 
, dark, rather homogeneous rocks, which include hornblende and staurolite crystals, 
fp.ai i-" it 29th to Hay 1st, Yohnazdr to Lcihe Victoria (TVood’s Lake ). — Three marches, alto- 
about 37 miles. 
little L ° Cl£S throughout described as gneiss ; that on the first march described as containing a 
laro. e i §reen mica or chlorite; on the second but little rock was seen in place, the valley being 
llilhs° ' ° Ccu I )ie( l by beds of pebbles and boulders, which form terraces along the sides, whilst the 
s plit W ° re C0Vered whh snow. Th e gneiss seen was “ remarkably altered, craggy, conglomeratic, 
m all directions, and as if it had been burnt,” but no trace of an eruptive rock was seen.] 
mix 10 - Slliris ' le boulders were mostly rounded ; some of very large size only slightly so, and 
aTlfl . wit h sand. The whole mass must have been accumulated more by the agency of snow 
^/kan running water 
rllio liill ~ 
Th 
lorn ^kese terraces rise to at least 100 feet above the lake, and show that the lake was 
} much more extensive than it now is, [The details will be found in the diary.] 
e/pk? kdls around the lake are described as entirely of gneiss, and rather sharply pointed.] 
a 'e is about two miles in width, and surrounded by terraces of rounded worn, boulders, mixed 
