14 
SECOND YARKAND MISSION. 
tubes pass out radially on them, and the orifices are only seen ; others come up to the surface 
and bend down again suddenly, leaving a geniculate swelling visible ; and others enlarge 
and diminish in their caliber. Some of these pass along the surface for a very short distance, 
and all verv close together laterally, and others pass up the flanks of the eminences converging 
close to the summit and opening on them with their orifices, or more frequently on the 
centre of the tubercular elevations. 
The pores are numerous, small, shallow, and universal; they are limited by lateral 
tubes, and some open on their floor. The fossilization is by calcite, and in many places 
the interspace between the surface tubes infiltrated with calcite has been preserved, the tubes 
having weathered away. The tubes are so close together that the infiltrated calcite is difficult 
to distinguish from tube ; but its breadth is usually much the smaller. 
In radial sections the radial series of tubes are numerous and large, but the interradial 
systems are not A'ery distinct from them, there being no Avide tube reticulation. 
The tubes of the radial series are rather close, large, bifurcate, varicose, geniculate often, 
suddenly dimini s hing in size where joining others ; they join much with each other, side by 
side, are usually distinctly radial in their direction, which, hoAvever, is locally irregular, and 
they have thin walls and a large caliber. 
The interradial tubes, very radial in their course, however, are often seen passing for shot 
distances, parallel Avith the circumference, in all parts of the body. They are more varied in 
their courses than the radial series, and are usually close together and crowded, the distance 
between them being small. They unite with the radial systems by offshoots of tubes, 
and it is evident that at the surface of the body most of the interradial tubes open directly 
outwards. f , 
There is no very definite relation between the outward opening of the tubes within and 
the eminences and interspaces; moreover, the pores are situated without order. 
The majority of the tubes are nearly inch in diameter, some being ^ inch, but 
very small tubes are rare. 
” The fossilization of the interior of the body has led to radiating portions being infiltrated 
with a denser semi-granular calcite which hides much structure, and especially centrally- 
In some places the tubes are filled with opaque matter, and the intertubular spaces are 
readily distinguished, whilst in others the intertubular spaces are large, and the tube has 
either disappeared or remains in very transparent calcite. Under this condition, it is difficult 
to distinguish tube from continuous infiltrated calcite in section. Relics of the pores, as clear 
spaces, are to be seen in radial sections. The height of the body is 2^ inches, and the whoh 
resembles a Parkeria. 
S Y aiN GOSPHiEMA plana, Duncan. 
The body is oblately spheroidal, almost smooth on the surface, with many minute 
granules on it, and numerous small shallow scattered pores. The granules are flat, witb 
rounded, or elongate, or irregular bases, and are about the same size as the pores. Many tube 3 
open on them, forming circles on their periphery, and also into the pores, and there is con 
siderable variation in then* caliber. No tube reticulation exists on the surface, but tie 
massing of the tubes is closer in some places than in others. 
In radial sections of the body a very marked tube arrangement is to be seen. A vei> 
considerable number of long, narrow, radial series pass on all sides to the surface, bounds 
