2 SECOND YARKAND MISSION. 
The districts traversed by the Yarkand Mission, 1 * * * * although all, with the exception of 
Kashmir, where a mixture of Indian (Oriental) forms is found, within the limits of the Pala> 
arctic region, still belong to different sub-provinces, distinguished chiefly by their physical 
characters, and especially by their elevation. Western Tibet or Ladak, in which may he 
included all the area north of Kashmir drained by the Indus and its tributaries, is a part of 
the high barren Tibetan plateau, and the fauna comprises typically Alpine forms, such as wild 
sheep and ibex, marmots, and Lagomys. The fauna inhabiting the ranges commonly known 
as the Kuenlun, intervening between the northern watershed of the Indus and the low plains 
of Turkestan, is very similar to that of Tibet proper, but several species appear different. 
The animals of the plains of Eastern Turkestan around Yarkand and Kashghar belong to 
very distinct types, and appertain to the desert fauna of Central Asia, characterized especially 
by the abundance of rodents, such as Gerbillus, Cricetus, and Dipus. The few specimens of 
the mammals inhabiting the Thian Shan range, Pamir, and WakMn contained 
Dr. Stoliczka’s collection are insufficient to give much idea of the fauna, as they were col- 
lected under great difficulties, during journeys when the ground was for the most part covered 
with deep snow. The fauna of each of the zoological sub-provinces traversed will, however, 
need a few remarks : these sub-provinces are — 
I. — Kashmir and the Punjab hills. 
II. — Western Tibet, or Ladak. 
III. — Kuenlun. 
IY. — Plains of Eastern Turkestan. 
V— Ranges west and north of Yarkand and Kashghar, including Sarikol, the Pam»’, 
Wakhan, and the Thian Shan. 
The last should very possibly be subdivided. It is certain that the wild sheep and hare of 
the Pamir differ from those of the mountains north of Kashghar, and many of the species 
of mammals inhabiting the mountain ranges of Central Asia appear to have a restricted 
range. 
Eastern Turkestan has been visited, in modern times by but few European travellers- 
The most important of these, apart from the members of the two missions under Sir Douglas 
1 The route followed is described in detail in the official “ Report of a Mission to Yarkand in 1873 under command of S« 
T. I). Forsyth, K. c. s. i„ c. b.,’’ Calcutta, 1875; and represented on a map published with the report and compiled 
Captain H. Trotter, E.E., of the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India, one of the officers attached to the Mission. An account o ^ 
journey, and many observations on the fauna, will also he given in Dr. Sloliczka s diary, to he published uniformly with the piese 
and other scientific results. , 
Briefly, the following was the line of march. Starting from Murree (Mari) in the Punjab hills, on the 15th J uly 1873, the paw 
of the Mission to which Dr. Stoliezka was attached proceeded to Srinagar in Kashmir, and thence across the Zoji-la, and by Dr® < 
Kargil, Lamayuru, and Snurla to Leh, in Ladak, where they arrived on the 27th August. After a halt of about a fortnight, L 
journey was continued over the Chang or Sakti pass to Lukong on the Pankong lake. Thus far the direction followed from Mur: 6 ^ 
had been, on the whole, very nearly due cast, hut from the Pankong the route lay north or north-west to Kashghar. Fj®* 1 
Lukong, Dr. Stoliezka marched by Changehenino, and the high plain of Lingzi Thung, to the head of the Yarkand riv er at Aktan ’ 
and thence by the Suget Pass across the main Kuenlun axis to Shahidula on the Karakash river, and again over the Sanju or rl 
pass to Sfinju on the edge of the plain of Eastern Turkestan. Continuing the journey, the Mission party arrived at Yarkan 
the 8th November, and at Kashghar on the 4th December. From Kashghar, two excursions were made ; one to the north by 
as far as the Chadyr lake, just inside the Russian frontier ; the other to the north-east as far as the Lelowti pass on the road to - 
Turfan. Dr. Stoliezka was then attached to the party under Colonel Gordon; and, leaving Irashghar on the 1/th March 18 ^ 
proceeded south-west vi& Sarikol to the Pamir plateau, and as far as Panjah in Wakhan, where he arrived on the 18th Apiif ® ^ 
remained a fortnight, returning to Yarkand by the same route, with the exception of a detour on the Pamir. Yarkand was reac e 
on the 21st May, and quitted again on the 28th, whence the Mission party proceeded to recross the Kuenlun by a more western rou ^ 
than before, over the Yangi Diwan, and then took the Karakoram and Shayok route to Leh. Dr. Stoliezka died at Murghi, 
marches south of the Karakoram pass, on the 19th June 1874. 
