4 SECOND YARKAND MISSION. 
said to inhabit Ladak ; they are found in other parts of Tibet or in Kashmir, and the list 
even of the larger mammals is incomplete, as neither of the two kinds of antelope lS 
included. 
Dr. Leith Adams, 1 in his “Remarks on the Habits and Haunts of some of the 
Mammalia found in various parts of India and the West Himalayan Mountains,” g lVcS 
many details concerning the animals of Ladak. The scientific names, taken from the British 
Museum, are, however, often different from those used by naturalists at the present day- 
In his “ Wanderings of a Naturalist in India,” 2 the same author describes his visit to 
Ladak, and notices the principal mammals observed during his journey, with many notes o 
interest concerning their distribution and habits. Heads of several of the larger mammal 1 ® 
of Ladak are well photographed in Kinloch’s “Large Game Shooting in Thibet, &c.” 3 
Kashmir proper, or the valley of the Upper Jhelum, is the only part of the country 
traversed by Dr. Stoliczka that is included in the area of which the fauna was described 111 
.] erdon’s “ Mammals of India.” 4 It is hut very rarely that a reference to the mammals ol 
Western Tibet is to he found in Mr Blyth’s writings, although he procured many anim»l s 
from the eastern part of that country. 
The only writer, previous to Dr. Jerdon, who gave any general account of the Kasim 111 ' 
mammals was Dr. A. Wagner, who compiled a list mainly from the notes and collections o 
Ereiherr von Hugel. This account was published as one of the appendices s to Yon Hugel® 
" Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek.” 
In Dr. Ealconer’s “ Palaeontological Memoirs ” 6 there are a few notes, written many 
years previously, on some of the animals of Kashmir and Ladak. Good descriptions of the 
stag, musk deer, ibex, marten, Tibetan hare, and marmot are given ; hut the names propos 
ed 
had been preceded by others before the notes in question were published, and the only n e ^ 
term which has been adopted is that for the Kashmir stag, separately published by 
its proposer. 
Erom the data already noticed, and some notes supplied by Mr. Shaw, Dr. Scully, Cap' 
tain Trotter, Captain Biddulph, Dr. Cayley and others, the following lists are compiled. 
1. Kashmir. — The area comprises the whole of the Upper Jhelum drainage, from tb e 
Pir Panjal range on the south to the Zanskar range, forming the watershed betw® el1 
Kashmir proper and Ladak (Dras, Zanskar, &c.) on the north. In the following list th® 
animals observed by Yon Hiigel, Jerdon, and others are included. 7 The list of the larg el 
animals is probably complete, or nearly so. An Indian or Tibetan form may occasionally str®^ 
across the mountains, but the species inhabiting the valley and the mountains around ® ie 
for the most part well known. Of the smaller animals, however, much additional informat 101 * 
is desirable. Considering how many English resort annually to Kashmir, it is surprising tb® 
our knowledge of the fauna is not more accurate. 
Megaihrma lyra. 
Vespertilio longipes. 
Chieopteka. 
Vespengo serotinus . 
V. pipistrellus. 
1 P. Z. S., 1858, p. 512. 
2 Edinburgh, 1867. 
3 London, 1869, 2nd series, 1876. 
4 Roorkee, 1867. 
5 Vol. iv, pt. 2, 1844, pp. 567-581. 
6 London, 1868, Vol. i, pp. 576-586. 
7 I am indebted to Mr. Lydekker for assistance in drawing up this list. 
