it 
AYES. 21 
’ “^1-293. Gaganghir, August 9, 1873. 
Was met nd f e T 1S0 ^ ^ates that this species was common in the valley of Kashmir in October; 
' Vl 1 Sonamarg, below Baltal, and as low as Gond. 
42 . 
^CITLXJS GRACTJLTJS. 
Genus GRACULUS. 
Co 
Fr eg ul raCUlUS ‘ Linn - S J st - Nat. i. p. 158 (1766). 
br miu s 
P- 63 
fJ a ^[ WS ^ ; Hume & Headers. Lahore to Yark. p. 243 (1873); Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. 
285 (1877); 
Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 
p. 474 (1887). 
p. 264 (1876) ; Biddulpk, Ibis, 
P’ 63 n G^o IU XclJLlY. JJ. yi OiO) } UCVCI tZi. XU 
Seall ■ T1 73) ’ Scu11 ^ H- iv. p. 159 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Mise. ii. p 
1883 L lblSj 1881, P ‘ 572 > Swinhoe, Ibis, 1882, p. Ill; Homeyer & r| '— “ ^ - 
FreoHy,. /’■ P ' 88 ; Zarudn - 0is - Transcasp. p. 59 (1885) ; Radde, Ornis, hi. 
Pyrrhoco! aymus > Gould ; P- Z. S. 1862, p. 125. 
1 S J a * Hresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 237; Blanf. E. Persia 
Gracdu* ’ P ' 78 ; Scvertz - His, 1883, p. 55. 
Qraculus 9 ™ cu } lls ( L -) > Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 146 (1877). 
39o ' J>emUa (h.) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Iud., Birds, i. p. 43 (1889). 
No. 590 ^ ataian > Eras Valley, August 14, 1873 ( Capt. Trotter ). 
Nos. ei2 pi’ Au S us t 30, 1873. 
No. 715 * f' 6 ^ 5 September 4, 1873. 
No. h 82 lan ksi, September 16, 1873. 
No. lug' S^akmak, January 3, 1874. 
^ ^asstekke, March 23, 1874. 
^ two i^ >CC ^ m0ns are vei 7 large and the wing reaches to 12'6 inches, and the smallest 
s <re as i n 111 Sasstckke and Chakmak, which have the culmen P85 inch in length, 
t j nnl Nr sp eclnae rest . of tlle series it varies from 2-05 to 2-25 inches. The wing in the above 
j 6 ^i^ensioog D p ^ ^ ^ ^ i 110 ^* 38 > hut it is absurd to found a specific distinction on 
^PCe, havin' o° ^ Chough, which varies greatly in size — the specimen from Mataian, for 
Hende° a on ^ v 10*7 inches in length (cf. also Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 147). 
Galley tl 1 > SOli ' 0U ^ lJS i ourne y, found the Chough “ very common all the way from the 
t]| ls s ain e Ladak, to near the Pangong Lake. Bed-hilled Choughs, doubtless of 
Wer e usuall* " ° re common on the Karakash. On the upward journey, through Ladak, 
j )(i ° Un d ; j n OctJI SGen feedin = morn iug and evening, in larger or smaller flocks, in cultivated 
6ll y °1 the ° 31 1 5 ° n Gie re t u m journey, they were feeding in enormous flocks on the 
l Nr. 8cull ^Tophae rhamnoides. This bird was known in Ladak as the Chunka .” 
Turk es t UUteS : “ The Bed-billed Chough was first met with within the limits of 
l2 o' Seea ever ! 11 ] 011 ® an J u Pass in September 1874. When we got into the hills they 
, ' fj feet. rp|* V aiu l were very numerous about Kichik Yailak at an elevation of 
IV Chou o p 0 U1 ^ Dame * s ‘ Ivizii tumchuk Kargha,’ the Bed-billed Crow.” 
] 1( y feet.” as ‘ 0Ull d by Colonel Biddulph “ common everywhere above 10,000 or 
r Qo ) We ascend ^ 1 saw both this and the Alpine Chough up to the greatest 
le slender tha ^ ’ Sa ^ neai ’ly 20,000 feet. I remark that the bills of the Pamir birds are 
8 a A llQ le in S ^! ose l’ r0m the Indus valley.” 
°^lve on tk e -i lcz ^ a s c Diary ’ says that this species had already got young ones near 
1 of May, but eggs were still to be had at that date. 
