ICHTHYOLOGY. 
23 
from the most easterly portion of Tibet near the headwaters of the Yang-se-kiang; (6) E. 
berdrnorei, from Tenasserim. 
The distribution of the foregoing six species of this genus is interesting, because it is 
suggestive of whether, at some remote period, the Himalayan range, the mountains between 
Tibet and China, and the spur or continuation southwards through Burma and Siam, may 
11 Qt have been connected one with another. 
Whilst adverting to this point, I would mention another circumstance : the only Siluroid 
stated to be found in "Western Turkestan is the Silurus glams , Linn. Three other species of 
E' e same genus have been captured on the hill-ranges of India; and their distribution 
somewhat accords with that of Exostoma — 
(1) . — Si turns cockinohmensis, Cuv. & Val. = Silurichthys berdmorei, Blyth, and 
(2) .- — Silurus wynaadensis, Day. These fishes, found in hills up to about 2,500 feet, 
have been obtained in the Western Ghats, Akyab Hills, Tenasserim and Cochin 
China. They would appear to be restricted to those mountains which are not far 
removed from the seacoast. How it is that several species of fishes are common 
to Malabar and Siam, or the countries contiguous to it, whilst they are entirely 
absent from the intermediate districts of India, is a question which I do not pro- 
pose entering upon. 
(3) .' — -S. afghcma, Gunther, from Afghanistan, is identical with S. dukai, Day, from 
Darjeeling. 
Cyprmidce form the entire collection of the Yarkand Mission, after its arrival beyond the 
upper waters of the Indus. If we examine the members of this family found on the Hima- 
la yas in the same manner as we have the Siluroids, we find as follows : EiscognatJius , so 
easily recognizable by the sucker on the lower lip, is found some distance up the moim- 
fains, but is rare above 5,000 feet. Oreinus, with its small scales, broad mouth, and like- 
'' 1Sc a sucker behind the lower jaw, becomes more and more common the higher we ascend. 
' U ' Expedition obtained one species at Leh, in the Upper Indus ; and it has been found 
us a genus extending from Afghanistan along the Himalayan Range, and near Bhamo 
A the last Yunnan Mission, or the same district as the Siluroid genera Exostoma and 
' Hurus. It appears to essentially prefer the sides of hills and impetuous torrents. 
*'>oine of the stronger Labeos, Barbels (Barbus), and a Barilins are found here and there 
011 Eve slopes and in the side streams of the Himalayas up to very considerable heights. 
le y> however, are Indian forms which, if able to do so, appear to migrate during the' 
Ueeding-season to the mountains to deposit their ova in the side streams which are unre- 
l’ e uislied by snow-water. Here the fry are often compelled to remain until the succeeding 
.Kdr s rains swell the waters, washing food into their retreats to enable them to grow, or else 
° P er uiit them to descend to the plains. 
Ence near the summit of these mountains, and beyond districts where adhesive suckeis 
U e a uecessity for moderate-sized fishes to possess to prevent their being washed away , w e 
01110 upon genera as rare in the plains of India as are the Indian forms at the summit of the 
/as. 
Kashmir is a locality traversed by this Mission, a hilly Himalayan district, and one 
p 0 , which- it is necessary to refer. In Hiigel and Heckcl’s “Uische aus Kaschmir we find the 
lr- 
J *unalay; 
f'nlm • " L,J 
Wln g species recorded : — 
Oreinus plagiostomus, Heckel ; O. sinuatus, Heck, 
S. longipinuis Heck.; S, niger, Heck,; S. nasus , Ileck.; S. huegelii , Heck. 
Schisothorax curvifrons, Heck. 
