xv, i Shufeldt: The Monkey-eating Eagle 39 
the vertebral arteries are, in all instances, entire — that is, with 
respect to their osseous walls; on the other hand, the carotid 
canal is an open passage for the arteries of that name in the 
fifth to the ninth cervical vertebra, inclusive (Plate III, figs. 3, 
5, 7, and 8). 
All of these cervical vertebrae are very large and strong— 
indeed, quite massive in character. When present, the neural 
spine is situated just within the posterior margin of the bone; 
it is directed backward and upward in the third vertebra; is 
vertical and peglike in the next following one, with broader and 
triangular base in the next three (fifth to seventh inclusive), 
wherein it moves forward to the middle of the neural arch, the 
angle being situated anteriorly, and either side being directed 
backward and outward. 
In the third cervical the prezygapophyses and postzygapophy- 
ses are joined by a plate of bone, in which appears, on either side, 
a small elliptical foramen; this foramen in the next following 
vertebra becomes an extensive subelliptical notch, being reduced 
to a minute spine on either side in the fifth vertebra. 
Returning to the matter of the neural spines, we find that 
the broad, triangular form they assume — described in a previous 
paragraph — persists in the eighth to the twelfth vertebra, in- 
clusive. Here they are more massive and occupy an extreme 
posterior position on the several remaining vertebrae of this 
series. On the twelfth the spine begins to assume the form of 
the neural spine as we find it in the leading dorsals, while in 
the thirteenth and the fourteenth not only are the neural spines 
in agreement with those processes in the thoracic vertebrae, but 
they present almost all the other characters of that series. 
In the midcervical series, the pleurapophyses are short and 
stumpy. 
The rather massive prezygapophysial processes in the fifth 
cervical face directly upward ; in the sixth they look inward and 
backward, and they maintain this position to include the ninth. 
In the rest of the series they face inward again. The “carotid 
canal” is present and open in the fourth to the eighth cervical, 
inclusive, being most nearly closed in the last one named. 
Coming to the dorsal vertebrae (Plate IV), we find them very 
closely interlocked in articulation, with long, spinelike me- 
tapophyses on the last four of the five which occur in this section 
of the spinal column. The haemal spines are stumpy and short, 
being entirely absent on the last two dorsals. The neural canal 
is cylindrical in form ; the facets for each pair of ribs are entire 
