82 
Philippine Journal of Science 
1919 
It seems probable, as Bouvier , 1 Thompson , 2 and Bohn 3 have 
held, that sometimes the change of shell is brought about spon- 
taneously and at other times because the crab is uncomfortable. 
An even more surprising habit which has been reported has 
to do with the association of hermit crabs with sea anemones. 
Eupagurus bernhardus Linnaeus 4 5 * carries on its shell the anemone 
Sagartia parasitica Gosse, while Eupargus prideauxii Leach,'' 
Pagurus arrosar Herbst,® and Paguristes oculatus Fabricius 7 
carry Adamsia palliata Bohadsch, Adamsia rondeletii Della 
Chiaje, and Actinia equina Linnaeus, respectively. Recently 8 
Pagurus deformis H. Milne-Edwards from the Loyalty Islands 
and British New Guinea has been described as bearing sea anem- 
ones on its shell, and a search through the literature shows 
that other hermit crabs in a similar condition have been report- 
ed; but I shall not list these since their habits do not seem to 
have been investigated. 
The mere occurrence of sea anemones attached to the mollusk 
shells inhabited by hermit crabs does not close the list of the 
habits of these interesting animals. It has been reported 9 that 
when the hermit changes its shell it removes the sea anemones, 
1 Bouvier, E. L., Observations sur les moeurs des pagures faites au 
laboratoire maritime de Saint-Vaast La-Houghe pendant le mois d’Aout 
1891, Bull. Soc. Philomath. Paris 4 (1891-1892) 7. 
2 Thompson, M. T., The metamorphosis of the hermit crab, Proe. Boston 
Soc. Nat. Hist. 31 (1903) 193. 
3 Bohn, G., Les animaux marines littoraux, Bull. VInstit. Gen. Psychol. 
6 (1903) 625-626. 
4 Smith, Geoffrey, and Weldon, W. F. R., Cambridge Natural History, 
Crustacea and Arachnids 4 (1909) 172. 
5 Wortley, Stuart, On the habits of Pagurus Prideauxii and Adamsia 
palliata, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ill 12 (1863) 388-390; Brehm’s Thier- 
leben 10 (1900) 41; Bronn’s Thierreich (Ortmann) 5 (1901) 1254; Keller 
C., Das Leben des Meers (1895) 71; Caiman, W. T., The Life of Crustacea 
(1911) 213; Agassiz, A., Instinct (?) in hermit crabs, Ann. & Mag. Nat. 
Hist. 17 (1875-1876) 100. 
‘Brunelli, G., Atti. Rend. R. Accad. Lincei. Roma 19 (1910) 77-82. 
’ Brunelli, G., loc. cit. 
8 Borradaille, L. A., On Stomatopoda and Macrura brought by Dr. 
Willey from the South Sea Islands, Willey Zoological Results pt. 4 (1900) 
424. 
0 Wortley, Stuart, op. cit.; Gosse, P. H., On the transfer of Adamsia 
palliata from shell to shell, The Zoologist 18 (1859) 6582; Sluiter, C. P., 
Der Commensalismus zwischen Einsiedlerkrebsen und Actinien, Kosmos 
(1882) 391; Chevreux, M. E., Le Pagurus Prideauxii et ses Commensaur, 
Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franc. Avancem. Sci. (1884); Brehm’s Thierleben 10 
(1900) 41; Brunelli, G., op. cit. 
