xv, i Cowles: Habits of Tropical Crustacea 83 
placing them on the new shell, and that the sea anemones aid 
the hermit in this procedure. 10 
Some zoological text books mention the fact that this trans- 
planting of anemones has been reported; but the subject, if dis- 
cussed, is generally treated, whether intentionally or not, as 
though there might be an element of doubt as to the occurrence 
of this habit. For the reasons mentioned, and because five of 
my coworkers and I have seen the transfer for the first time in 
the case of two species of hermits living in Philippine waters, 
I shall now record my observations. 
Along the coast of Mindoro Island, in Port Galera Bay, there 
occur hermit crabs belonging to two species, Pagurus deformis 
and Pagurus asper de Haan, which inhabit mollusk shells of Do- 
lidse, Strombidse, Cassis, etc. Both of these hermits almost in- 
variably carry two different kinds of sea anemones on their 
shells ; one, a large grayish brown form usually on the sides and 
another, much smaller, almost colorless form usually on the 
underside of the mollusk shell below the protruding head of the 
crab (Plate I). As many as eight of the large anemones and 
three or four of the smaller kind have been found on a single 
Dolium shell, but so great a number is rather unusual. While 
in the majority of cases the small anemones are attached on 
the underside of the mollusk shell below the head of the hermit 
and the large ones on the upper and lateral surface of the shell, 
occasionally specimens are found in which the order is reversed. 
Either the anemones when in the larval condition attach 
themselves to the mollusk shell carried by the hermit, or they 
are placed there by the hermit when they are still very small. 
On one occasion a beautiful, clean shell which was not beach 
worn was collected containing a young specimen of Pagurus 
deformis. On the upper surface of this shell were three of the 
brown anemones, 2, 4, and 8 millimeters across, and just inside 
the mouth of the shell was one of the colorless species, 3 milli- 
meters in breadth. The extreme smallness of the anemones in 
this case might indicate that they became attached to the mollusk 
shells in the larval stage, and this is borne out by the fact 
that in all our Collections at Port Galera we have never found 
these anemones except on shells inhabited by hermits ; but since 
10 Eisig, H., Studien fiber tiergeographische und verwandte Erschein- 
ungen, I. Zum Verstandniss des Commensalismus der Einsiedlerkrebse (Pa- 
guriden) und Seeanemonen (Aktinen), Das Aussland (1382) 55, 681; 
Gosse, P. H., op. cit. 
