1X8 Philippine Journal of Science 1919 
Table V . — Typical analysis. 
Constituent. 
Equiva- 
lent to 
calcium 
carbon- 
ate. 
Per cent. 
42.08 
1.23 
32.99 
0. 46 
23.24 
Per cent. 
75.05 
2. 19 
75.05 
1.37 
0.65 
The square represents the composition of a sample of raw 
mixture having the analysis given in Table V. The calcium 
oxide combined as calcium carbonate and the carbon dioxide 
combined as calcium carbonate are drawn to scale. The calcium 
oxide and the carbon dioxide in compounds other than calcium 
carbonate are exaggerated five times to make them more easily 
seen on the diagram, and the rectangle representing all other 
constituents is made proportionally smaller. The rectangles f, 
g, h, and i at the right of the square represent the results that 
would be obtained by analyzing the sample by four different 
methods. The shaded portion of each rectangle shows the con- 
stituents on which the result is based, and the total area (ex- 
cept in i) shows the calcium carbonate content as calculated 
from this result. In / the total calcium, in whatever way com- 
bined, is determined and calculated to calcium carbonate. This is 
taken as correct, since we are concerned only with the calcium 
present and not with the carbon dioxide. In g the total carbon 
dioxide, in whatever way combined, is determined and calculated 
to calcium carbonate. With respect to the carbon dioxide, the 
result is slightly too high, because it includes the carbon dioxide 
not combined as calcium carbonate. However, the calcium pres- 
ent in the silicates is omitted. In h the total carbon dioxide is 
likewise included; but, in addition, a portion of the calcium and 
of the iron and aluminium in the siliceous materials have acid- 
consuming power. Theoretically, the analysis of this sample 
would be as follows : 
Calcium carbonate. 
Per cent 
75.05 + 2.19 = 77.24 
75.05 + 1.37 = 76.42 
75.05 + 1.37 + 0.65 = 77.07 
By permanganate titration 
By calcimeter 
By acid-alkali titration 
