102 
ROBINSON. 
In Manila, workmen’s hats are nearly always of buri-leaf or of pandan, 
salacots being next in number. Nearly all the other Luzon makes are 
also for sale in this city, but there is a very distinct preference for stiff 
straw hats, either actually imported, or made in Manila from imported 
straw. There is also a large and increasing percentage of hats of the 
same shape and stiffness as straw hats, but with the outer covering made 
of buri or bamboo, the typical products of Calasiao, Baliuag or Pulilan, 
Apalit, and Lucban, probably in this order of frequency. This is an 
important departure, but as yet has hardly spread to the export trade. If 
this type of hat can be produced at a sufficiently low price, it may well 
become an important factor. Nothing strikes an investigator as stranger 
than the small number of high grade hats worn in the towns where they 
are made, sabotan alone seeming to hold its local market. This is not 
true of cheap hats, which in many places are made for local use only. 
SPECIES OF PLANTS USED. 
Excluding such substances as manufactured cotton and imported 
materials, the following is a list of the plants chiefly used for hat making 
or similar work. It is probable that various others are at present 
employed from time to time, either experimentally or very locally; also 
that others used in the past which have remained unrecorded, have given 
way to superior materials. It is practically certain that still others are 
taken for the framework or interior portions of salacots. 
FILICES. (Ferns.) 
Lygodium circinnatum (Burm.) Sw. Syn. (1806) 153. 
L. japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. in Schrad. Journ. 1800 2 (1801) 106. 
L. semihastatum (Cav.) Desv. Prodav (1803) 203. 
Material obtained for establishing t'he identity of the species used for 
nito hats at Calasiao and Baliuag, has proven to be the first of the three ; 
all three were used in Blanco’s time; Nee’s note on L. semihastatum has 
been quoted on page 97. As the species have much resemblance to one 
another, it is probable that yet others have been or may still be used. 
Salacots, cigarette-cases, and baskets, are also made, in whole or part, of 
this material. 
SPERMATOPHYTA. (Flowering plant's.) 
PANDANACE^E. 
It is probable that a complete list of the pandans that have been used 
in these Islands at one time or another, for hats, mats, or salacots, would 
be an enumeration of our species of Pandanus, the very rare ones perhaps 
excepted. At present/one species has a great and increasing importance, 
