104 
ROBINSON. 
three towns named, also at Siniloan, Laguna. It is present in small 
quantity in several places near them, and has recently been introduced 
elsewhere. 
Pandanus utilissimus Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot..1 (1906) 81. 
This takes the place of the preceding species from San Antonio, where 
it is wild, south to the country north of Mount Banajao and Mount 
Banajao de Lueban, in Laguna and Tayabas. It is remarkable for the 
large size of its leaves and fruits. In the towns where it is most used, 
it is called pandan or pandan totoo, but at San Antonio, the name 
bangcoan appears, and it is this which is employed in Manila, when its 
identity is not lost in the term balangot. Both of the above species are 
used for hats, mats, bags, and baskets. 
Pandanus tectorius Soland. ex Parkinson Journ. Voy. H. M. S. Endeavour 
(1773) 46. 
P. coronatus Martelli in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 65. 
These closely allied and perhaps identical species seem to be used, but 
only in small quantity and in out of the way places, from which it is 
difficult to get accurate information. 
Pandanus simplex Merr. in Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 6. 
This is the species of southeastern Luzon, from which the coarse hats 
known as caragumoy are made. 
Pandanus luzonensis Merr. loc. cit. 
This was formerly used under the name of dasa in the country near 
Antipolo, Rizal, but has been replaced by sabotan. It is possible that 
it is still occasionally employed by the hill-people of that province. In 
Nueva Ecija, some pandan, probably this species, is gathered by Negritos, 
for this purpose. 
Pandanus exaltatus Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 778. 
This also was formerly used near Antipolo, where it grows to a height 
of 10 to 12 meters: its use, also, has been abandoned. Locally, it is 
called pandan. 
Pandanus copelandii Merr. in Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 7. 
This species is widely distributed, but in many localities where it is 
abundant, it is not used for textile purposes. However, among its names 
are some which are alleged to be those of hat materails. 
GRAMINEiE. 
Bambusa blumeana Sehult. f. Syst. Veg. 7 2 (1830) 1343. 
This furnishes the material for almost all the bamboo hats of the 
Philippines, which form a large majority of all kinds exported, although 
the preponderance imputed to it in official reports is exaggerated. It is 
nearly the exclusive material of Baliuag and Pulilan, Bulacan, each of 
