106 
ROBINSON. 
censis for this purpose, except in one school. Still, it may well happen 
that here and there, a woman may make a hat from this material for 
use in her own family. In Manila, the name balangot as applied to hats 
is now tending to fixity for Pandanus utilissimus Elmer. This subject is 
further discussed under the heading of balangot hats, on page 120. 
Fimbristylis utilis Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1911) 855. 
This species extends down the eastern side of Luzon, through the 
Visayas to Mindanao. In the Visayas, it is second only to buri, for hat 
and mat work, being used on Samar,- Bohol, and Panay, in the two first 
under the name ticog, in the last under that of tayoctayoc. 
PALMACEiE. 
Corypha data Roxb, FI. Ind. 2 (1824) 176. 
Three different parts of the leaves of the buri palm are used for hats, 
giving four classes of high grade, and two of cheap products, one of which 
might be subdivided. 
The fibro-vascular bundles from the petioles of mature leaves are 
called buntal, and are woven in two ways, producing two distinct classes 
of hats, both of high grade. The first is characteristic of Lucban, in 
Tayabas, and towns near it, both in that province and Laguna, but made 
in smaller quantity elsewhere: the second, a recent departure, is practi- 
cally confined to Baliuag, Bulacan. 
The midribs of the leaf-segments of unopened leaves furnish both hats 
of superior quality and also of cheap grades. The hats are most often 
called by the name of the town of Calasiao, in Pangasinan, as this is 
almost the only place in Luzon where buri is used in this way. There 
is also an important industry in this kind of hats in Panay, especially 
in Pototan and Dumarao. 
The Lucban hats have an importance in the export trade second only 
to those made of bamboo, but, in the local trade, the third kind of material, 
the actual leafy tissue, supplies more hats than any other in the Islands. 
These are made in a great many places, southeastern Pampanga pro- 
ducing a greater number than any other region, with Laguna-Tayabas 
second. They are almost always cheap or very cheap, but there are rare 
and scattered cases of high-grade products, at and near Lucban, on 
Sibuyan, and at Danao, Cebu. In this paper, they are called “buri- 
leaf” hats. 
Calamus mollis Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 264. 
In many places, this rattan was the original material employed for 
hat making, but through its growing scarcity and high price, it is now 
less often used. However, the hats are the most highly prized of all, the 
most beautiful, and probably the most durable. Most of those now seen 
are made at Baliuag. 
