108 
ROBINSON. 
CUCURBITACEiE. 
Luffa cylindrica (L'inn.) Roem. Syst. 2 (1846) 63. 
The inner lining of the fruit of this species, and especially its wild 
varieties is fibrous, and used as sponges. Cut into strips, and woven or 
sewed together, it makes a freak hat. 
Lagenaria vulgaris S6r. in Mem. Soe. Phys. GenSve 3 1 (1825) 25. 
This gourd, called upo by Tagalogs and tabungao in Ilocos, is halved, 
hollowed, and used for a hat or rather salacot: the edges are often trimmed 
with nito. 
NATIVE MATERIALS NOT OE PLANT ORIGIN. 
Horsehair was formerly used at Baliuag for hats, but has been aban- 
doned, although cigarette-cases are still made from it, both there, and 
in greater quantity at Calasiao. 
In the manufacture of salacots, many different materials have been 
used. Some of the most beautiful and costly have been made of tortoise- 
shell, they and others were often adorned with gold or silver : fish-scales 
have sometimes' been employed. 
MATERIALS OF OTHER EASTERN TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 
As compared with other tropical countries, our materials show most 
resemblance to those of Java. The true “Panama-hat” plant, Carludovica 
palmata Cav., grows in the eastern tropics only in cultivation. It has 
been introduced here, hut so far in very small quantity. The indications 
are that it can be grown successfully. 
The chief hat material of Formosa is taken from Pandanus tectorius 
Sol., the hats themselves greatly resembling our sabotan. Scirpus 
triqueter Linn, is also used. The “Kona” hats of Hawaii are also ipade 
from Pandanus tectorius. 
In Madagascar, several species are used , 28 the best a palm, Phloga 
polystachya Noronha, four of the five next most suitable belonging to the 
Cyperaceae; pandans likewise are used. 
In Java, on the other hand, there is a larger industry in bamboo than 
in the Philippines, and probably a different species is used there than here. 
Many cheaper hats are made from pandan. 
Coarse bamboo hats are made in Tonkin, probably from Bambusa 
blumeana. 
Nowhere does the buri seem to have an importance comparable with 
that in these Islands, although the best authorities identify our species 
with one of other countries. Moreover, nito ( Lygodium ) and bejuco 
or rattan hats are rather distinctively Philippine. 
28 Perrot & Goris in Agric. Prat. Pays Chauds 7 2 (1907) 203-213, 402-411, 
476-486, pi. 1-13; Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Addl. Ser. 2 (1901) 272, 273. 
