110 
ROBINSON. 
B. Freaks. 
Made from actual pine-shavings Palo de China 
Made from the inner bark of a tree : See pages 107, 124. 
Made from fibrous material from the fruit of a gourd Patola or tabuboc 
Made from sinamay cloth, cut and sewed Sinamay 
C. Stiff hats with flat brims and crowns. 
Actually cut from wood Xeluto, perhaps also dapdap 
Plaited straw of imported cereals M|. Straw hats in strict sense 
Made from stiff, wiry grass-stems, not plaited before weaving, usually greenish 
Timsim (so-called), moras, or anias 
Hats with a woven outer covering over very coarse bamboo, buri, or other 
material Calasiao, bamboo, buri-leaf, buntal (Baliuag), 
buntal (Lucban) ; to be distinguished as above. 
BAMBOO HATS . 33 
According to official figures, about seven-eighths of the hats exported 
from the Philippines are made from bamboo. There is much reason to-‘ 
bdieve that this proportion is exaggerated, but on the other hand, there 
can be no doubt that bamboo hats form much more than a majority of all 
sent from the Philippines, yet, in the local trade, they occupy a compara- 
tively minor position. 
In spite of the large output thus indicated, bamboo is used on a large 
scale for hat making and similar purposes only in two adjoining towns, 
Baliuag and Pulilan, in Bulacan. Further, while 25 Philippine species 
of bamboos have been satisfactorily identified, and others are known of 
which it has been impossible to obtain flowering material, practically all 
these hats are made from one species, Bambusa blumeana Schult. f., known 
in Bulacan as cauayan totoo (true bamboo). The Spanish- Filipino name 
is simply cana or cana espinosa, “equivalent to the name most frequently 
used by Americans in the Islands, “spiny bamboo.” Materials from this 
bamboo are used in various other towns to a slight extent, but not on a 
commercial basis. It is not to be inferred that this bamboo is confined 
to these towns, for its Philippine distribution is very wide, and should 
increased production of bamboo hats become profitable, abundance of 
material is at hand in scores of places. 
In the two Bulacan towns mentioned, hats are classed as of 5 grades, 
muy finos, finos, medianos, regulares, and ordinaries. For the first of 
these, it is unusual to use any other material than rattan, but for the 
others bamboo is almost exclusively employed. However, Pulilan, with 
an output estimated at 4,000 to 5,000 per week, makes almost entirely 
the lowest grades, while the 3,000 of Baliuag contain many of the higher, 
the town having a long-standing reputation for the excellence of its work. 
33 The descriptions of the hats and their manufacture are here greatly con- 
densed, as the ground is fully covered in Mr. Miller’s paper. Little more is 
retained than is necessary to lay the foundation for the discussion of general 
problems, except when there is some definite purpose to be served. 
