PHILIPPINE GYMNOSPERMS. 
151 
endarch, or concentric; of leaves mesarch. Embryo generally dicotyle- 
donous, attached to a well-developed suspensor, and embedded in a 
copious endosperm. 
CYCAS L. 
Carpophore with 8-4, rarely two seeds. Stem growing up through 
the female flower-cluster. Leaflets with only a midrib. About 16 
species in tropical Asia, Australia, and Polynesia. 
KEY TO PHILIPPINE SPECIES. 
a. Leaflets less than 1 cm wide, almost as thick as wide. 
b. Lower leaflets thorny G. revoluta 
bb. Lower leaflets not thorny 1. G. sp. aff. cairnsiana 
aa. Leaflets 1 cm or more wide, not thick like the two preceding. 
b. Staminate cone 20-25 cm long and 5-7 cm in diam. .... 3. G. sp. from Palawan. 
bb. Staminate cones much thicker in proportion to length than the preceding. 
2. C. circinalis 
Cycas revoluta Thunb. FI. Jap. (1784) 229; DC. Prodr. 16 2 (1868) 526; 
Vidal, Cat. PI. Prov. Manila (1880) 46; F. Vilf. Noviss. App. (1880) 212; Forbes 
& Hemsley in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26 (1902) 559. 
China, Japan, and Formosa. 
This plant is common in cultivation in the Philippines; but is not found out- 
side of cultivation. 
Luzon, Manila, Merrill s. n. 
1. Cycas sp. aff. O. cairnsiana F. Muller, Fragm. 10: 63. 
Culion, Merrill 657, a single sterile leaf in our herbarium. 
This was compared by Mr. Merrill with a fragment of the type of G. cairnsiana 
in the herbarium at Kew, and he says that it was the only specimen there with 
leaflets like and as narrow as the Australian plant. 
2. Cycas circinalis L. Sp. PI. (1753) 1188; Miq. Monographia Cycadearum 
(1842) 27; Prodr. System. Cycad. (1861) 7, 17; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 745; 
ed. 2 (1845) 513; Blurne, Rumphia 4 (1848) 11, 15, t. 176B, 176G ; DC. Prodr. 
16 2 (1868) 526; Vidal Cat. PI. Prov. Manila (1880) 46; Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 
43, t. 99; F.-Vill. Noviss. App. (1880) 212; Dyer in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 5 
(1888) 656; Warburg, Monsunia 1 (1900) 178; Usteri Beitr. Kenn. Phil. Veg. 
(1905) 134; Wight in Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9 (1905) 71, 252, pis. 8, lk; 
Merr. Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 82; Phil. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) 
Suppl. 24; Phil. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 394; Koorders- Schumacher Syst. 
Verz. Herb. Koord. 3 (1911) Cyeadaceae [1.] Plate XXVI, figs. 1, 2. 
Stems tall, said sometimes to attain a height of 12 m, usually un- 
branched, but sometimes divided at the apex of the stem into three, 
four, or five branches. Sometimes as much as 50 cm in diameter. 
Leaves 1.5-2. 5 m long; petiole 50-60 cm, with short distant slightly 
deflexed spines to near the base; leaflets about 90-100. Adult leaflets 
about 20-30 cm long, about 1 cm wide, elongate-linear-lanceolate, sub- 
falcate, acuminate. Male cone shortly peduncled, often 50 cm long, 
cylindric-ovoid ; antheriferous scales 2-5 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, obovate- 
deltoid, prolonged into an upward curved subulate acumen about' 2.5 cm 
