PHILIPPINE GYMNOSPERMS. 
169 
Occidental, For. Bur. 3234 Burgess, For. Bur. 4544 P. del Villar. Palawan, 
Merrill 749, Celestino s. n., For. Bur. 3505 Curran, For. Bur. 5189 Mcmalo. 
Mindanao, Province of Misamis, For. Bur. 4668 M earns & Hutchinson: District 
of Davao, Copeland 1162: District of Zamboanga, Copeland s. n. 
Distribution: Cochin China; Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Java; Celebes; the 
Moluccas ; Borneo ; and the Philippines. 
Native names: Almaciga, haltic ( Tagbanua ) , saleng (Neg.). 
The following species have been mentioned by various authors as occurring in 
the Philippines; but they are found only in cultivation and can not be considered 
as properly belonging to our flora: 
Araucaria excelsa R. Br., F. Vill. Noviss. App. (1880) 211. 
Cupressus torulosa Don, F. Vill. 1. c. 211. 
Juniperus occidentalis Hook., Usteri, Beitr. Kenn. Phil. Veg. (1905) 134. 
2. PINUS L. 
Branches of two kinds; the leaves clustered in a sheath; fruit a 
cone. 
A genus of about 70 species, mainly in the north temperate zone. A 
few species are found in mountainous regions in the tropics. A single 
species, P. merJcusii, crosses the equator. 
Sect. I. Pinaster Endl. — Apophysis of cone-scales (i. e. the special 
visible end portion when the cone is closed) more or less pyramidal with 
a central portion (umbo), which sometimes develops a point (mucro). 
§ 1. Pinea. — Needles two, rarely 1 in shortened branches (therefore half cylin- 
drical) — Some 20 species throughout the range of the genus. 
1. P. merkusii 
§ 2. Taeda.— Needles 3. (therefore 3-angled) — About 16 species principally in 
North America and the East Indies.— 2. P. insularis 
1. Pinus merkusii Jungh. & De Vr. in Plant. Nov. Ind". Bat. Orient. (1845) 
5, t. 2; Endl. Syn. Conif. (1847) 176; Carr. Conif. (1853) 380; Gord. Pinet. 
(1858) 169; Henk. & Hochst. Nadelholz. (1865) 43; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 
1069; De Boer Conif. Archip. Ind. (1866) 5; Pari, in DC. Prodr. 1 6 2 (1868) 
389; F.-Vill. Noviss. App. (1880) 211; Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) xliii; t. 98, 
f. B; Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 296; Ceron, Cat. PI. Herb. (1892) 188; Merr. 
in For. Bur. Bull. (Philip.) 1 (1903) 15; Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 6 
(1904) 6; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 35; Whitford, Philip. For. Bur. Bulk 
10 part 2 (1911) 26. 
P. sumatrana Jungh. Bot. Zeit. 4 (1846) 698. 
P. finlaysowiana Wall. Cat. no. 6062; Blume Rumphia 3 (1847) 210. 
P. sylvestris Finlays, in Lour. FI. Coch. ed. Willd. (1793) 709, non L. 
Medium-sized or large trees, said to grow to a height of 25 m or more 
and a diameter of 70-90 cm, crown pyramidal, bark thick, brownish or 
ashy in color and fissured. Young branches incurved ascending. Leaves 
in adult state 18-25 cm long, 1 mm or less broad, dorsally convex and 
ridged when dry, ventrally concave, stomata in parallel lines, enclosed 
in a scarious persistent transversely wrinkled sheath for about 2 cm at 
base. Staminate aments scattered among the leaf buds, 18-20 mm long, 
about 3 mm in diameter, straight or curved, obtuse, densely flowered. 
