PHILIPPINE GYMNOSPERMS. 
175 
Herb. (1892) 187; Karsten in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 11 (1893) 209; Koorders 
Meded. ’s Lands Plant. 19 (1898) 265; Warburg, Monsunia 1 (1900) 195, 197; 
Schumann & Lauterbaeh, FI. Deutsch. Schutzgeb- (1901) 158; Koorders & Yaleton 
Bijd. Ken. Boomsoort. Java 9 (1903) 352; Usteri, Beitr. Ken. Phil. Veg. (1905) 
134; Merr. in Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 82; Philip. Journ. Sci. 
1 (1906) Suppl. 25; Koorders-Schumacher, Syst. Verz. Herb. Koord. 3 (1911) 
Gnetaeeae 1. 
Abutua indica Lour. FI. Coch. 2 (1790) 630; Juss. in Lam. Eneyc. Bot. Suppl. 
1 (1810) 35. This is the oldest name; but I have not seen Loureiro’s specimen. 
Gnetum funiculare Blume Nov. Fam. (1833) ; Ann. Sci. Nat. II 2 (1834) 106; 
Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. 1 (1834) 162, 4; Rumphia 4 (1848) 7; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 
2 (1859) 1068; Endl. Syn. Conif. (1847) 252; Pari, in DC. Prodr. 16 
(1868) 351; Brongn. in Duperr. Voy. Bot. (1828) 12; Kurz in Flora 55 (1872) 
350; For. FI. 2 (1877) 496; Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1888) 643; F.-Vill. 
Noviss. App. (1883) 211. 
Thoa pendula Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 746. 
Thoa edulis Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 514, non Willd. Sp. PL 4 (1805) 477. 
G. philippinense Warburg, Monsunia 1 (1900) 196. 
G. scandens Merr. in Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 8 (1903) 32, 114, 153; 
F.-Vill. Noviss. App. (1883) 211, non Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 66. 
Gnemon funicularis Rumph. Herb. Amb. 5 (1747) 12, t. 8. 
Coarse woody vines of large size, climbing on trees in rather thick 
forest, from sea level np to abont 600 m. Leaves membranous or char- 
taceous, usually becoming black in drying, oval or elliptic, acute, obtuse, 
acuminate or mucronulate at apex, rounded at base or narrowed into the 
short petiole which is sometimes winged at the side and canaliculate on 
its upper surface. Leaves 6-25 cm long, 2-10 cm wide ; secondary veins 
usually 5-7 pairs, usually bending upward toward the edge of the leaf 
and uniting with other veins. I can not follow Karsten in classification 
by styles of venation. There is very great variation in size and shape 
of leaves upon the same plant. Male flower-clusters fasciculate or race- 
mose, rarely solitary, terminal ; 30-50 mm long, peduncles 8-20 mm long, 
flowers in many series of crowded whorls. Female inflorescences axillary, 
fasciculate, the whole inflorescence sometimes as much as 250 mm long, 
individual branches long-stalked, 50-80 mm long, of about 10-15 whorls 
of uniseriate flowers and with short internodes. Fruit orange-red, 25-30 
mm long with a pedicel 5-8 mm long. 
Fruit roasted and eaten. The inner coat, with its covering of hairs, 
has to be removed before the fruit is edible. The bast is used for cordage. 
This species is much sought as a source of drinking water in the forest. 
The vessels will flow a good quantity of fine clear water when a section is 
taken out of the trunk. 
I am by no means sure that this species is distinct from G. scandens 
Roxb., but it is the form commonly referred to this species in the Malay 
region. G. negledum Bl., which F.-Vill. credits to the Philippines is 
not given with any citation of specimens and it may be considered as 
