232 
FOXWORTHY. 
which include much of the most valuable work that has been done. In 
my work on this group, I have been aided principally by material and 
observations furnished me by Mr. H. M. Curran, Dr. H. IST. Whitford, 
and other members of the Bureau of Forestry. I am also indebted to 
Dr. H. Hallier and the late Dr. W. Burck for help in comparing herbarium 
"material in the Rijks-Herbarium at Leyden and to Mr. C. H. Wright 
for placing at my disposal material in the herbarium at Kew. Mr. H. FT. 
Ridley, Director of the Botanic Gardens at Singapore, and Dr. Joh. 
Schmidt have also aided me with literature. Dr. A. F. G. Kerr, of 
Chieng Mai, has kindly supplied me with comparative material from 
Siam and Dr. J. C. Willis with material from Ceylon. Government 
officials in Sarawak and British North Borneo have aided me a great 
deal in my collecting in those countries. 
FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS. 
Trees, usually of large size, with tall stems, often unbranched to a 
considerable height. Leaves evergreen, simple, alternate, stipulate, pen- 
ninerved; stipules often small and early deciduous. Wood, pith, bark, 
and leaves usually containing resin-canals. Fruits with sepals prolonged 
into wings, which often exceed the fruit in length and aid in its dispersal. 
Flowers perfect, numerous, in panicles, usually 5-merous. Receptacle 
obconical, sometimes concave. Sepals 5. Stamens co, 15, 10, or 5. 
Carpels (3-1) with each of the 2 anatropous ovules with 2 integuments. 
Stylopodium often present. Style short or long, glabrous. Stamens of 
various form ; filaments often connate ; anthers with the connective often 
prolonged. Only one of the ovules develops into a perfect seed. Cotyle- 
dons with long petioles ; radicle superior ; hypocotyl often as long as the 
embryo. Cotyledons usually bifid to the base and often divided into 
numerous lobes. Seeds often albuminous. 
SPECIAL MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. 
Little or nothing has been done in the study of any of our species. 
The only observations have been such as could be made from the study 
of unripe fruit and from newly sprouted seedlings. 
ANATOMY. 
Resin-canals . — The first conspicuous feature is the presence of resin- 
canals in various parts of the plant. They occur in the pith and wood 
of all species and in the leaves and bark of most. These canals are often 
of a form similar to those found in coniferous woods. In many species 
they are found filled with a hardened whitish resin in the old wood. In 
Dipterocarpus and Anisoptera they are often found to be filled with a 
viscid wood oil which is said to be fluorescent. 
