LIST OP GENERAL PUBLICATIONS. 
Arachn . 3 
characterized as new, from Silesia. A list of other Arachnids found in 
the coal formations of Europe and America is also given : — Araneidea 
( Aranecc ), 1 species from Silesia, Phalangiidea ( Opiliones ), 1 species from 
Saxony, and Scorpionidea ( Scorpiones), 2 species from Illinois, 1 from 
England, and 2 from Bohemia. 
Koch, Ludwig. Zoologische Ergebnisse von Excursionen auf den Bale- 
aren. ii. Arachniden und Myriapoden. Verh. z.-b. Wien, xxi. 
pp. 625-678, pis. xx. & xxi. 
Describes 28 spp. nn. of Araneidea , 1 sp. n. of Pseudo scorpiones, 2 of 
Phalangiidea , and 3 of Acaridea. 
Koppen, F. T. Ueber einige in Russland vorkommende giftige und ver- 
meintlich giftige Arachniden. Beitr. Russ. Reiches (2) iv. [1881], 
pp. 180-226. 
A paper on — i. Lathrodectus 13-guttatus , Rossi, its distribution, habits, 
and injurious effects of its bite (pp. 183-207) ; ii. Trochosa singoriensis, 
Laxm. (pp. 207-210); iii. the Scorpions (G known species being re- 
corded) inhabiting Russian territory (pp. 219-221); and, iv. Solpugidca , 
2 species (both known) are recorded (pp. 221-224). 
Lankester, E. iRay. Limulus an Arachnid. Q. J. Micr. Sci. (2) xxi. 
[1881] pp. 1-87, pi. xxviii. 
An elaborate auatomical comparison of Limulus with the Scorpion, 
resulting in the conclusion that the former is an ancestor of the latter. 
In this paper, Arachnids are divided into three grades: — a. Ilcemato- 
branchia, including three Orders, Trilobita Puryptcrinm , and Xiphosura. 
b. Acrobranchia , containing three Orders, Scorpionina , Pedipalpi , Arane- 
ina. c. Lipobrancliia, comprising four Orders, Solifugce , Pseudoscorpiones, 
Opilionina , and Acarina. Scorpions are supposed to have given rise to 
the whole series of living Arachnida, to the Pedipalpi first, and through 
them to the Arancina , and thence to the Acarina. Galeodes is considered 
to be a special development from the Scorpionina f as (in a different direc- 
tion) are also the Opilionina and Pseudoscorpiones. 
Macleod, J. Recherches sur la structure et la signification de l’appareil 
respiratoire des Arachnides. Bud. Ac. Belg. (3) iii. pp. 779-792. 
[Cf. 1. c. pp. 457-459, and J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) ii. pp. 610-612.] 
The author compares the breathing organs of Arachnids with the gills 
of Limulus in reference to Lankester’s observations on that subject, 
with which he agrees. He doubts the protracheate nature of Peripatus, 
and suggests that the breathing organs of Arachnida and Insecta are not 
homologous. 
Packard, A. S. Is Limulus an Arachnid? Am. Nat. xvi. pp. 287-292. 
\Cf. Ann. N. H. (5) ix. pp. 3G9-374, and Crustacea , anteit p. 39.] 
The author criticizes unfavourably Laukester’s paper noticed in Zool. 
Rec. xviii. Crust, p. 37 [and now again recorded, supra], considering that 
Lankester has mistaken analogies for affinities, and showing the far closer 
structural affinity of Limulus to the Crustacea than to the Arachnida , 
to which he maintains Limulus has in fact no true affinity. Letters 
