ANNULATA. 
Verm, 11 
50. Sa lensky, W. Etudes sur le developpement des Anndlides. Arch. 
Biol. iii. pp. 345-378, pis. xiv. & xv., and pp. 561-604, pis. xxiii.-xxv. 
[See also Biol. Centralbl. ii. pp. 198-208.] 
57. Steen, J. Anatomisch-histologische Untersuchung von Terebellides 
stroemii, M. Sars. Jeu. Z. Nat. xvi. pp. 201-246, pis. xi.-xiii. 
58. Verrill, A. E. New England A nnelida. Part i. Historical sketch, 
with annotated lists of the species hitherto recorded. Tr. Conn. 
Ac. iv. pp. 285-324, pis. iii.-xii. 
59. Whitman, C. O. A new Species of Branchiobdella (B. pentadonta). 
Zool. Anz. v. pp. 636 & 637. 
The Recorder has not been able to see the essay of Larbalctrier on the 
earthworm, of Koehler on Nephelis, or Nasse on the Tubificidce (cf. Zool. 
Anz. v. pp. 594 & 595). 
Anatomy and Development. 
\ 
Die Geriistsubstanzen der Wurmcr ; C. F. W. Krukenberg, Yergl. 
physiol. Stud. Adria (Heidelberg : 1882) ser. ii. Abth. 2, pp. 70-80. 
On the chemical composition of the tubes of Onuphis tubicola ; see 
O. Schmiedeberg, MT. z. Stat. Neap. iii. pp. 373-392. 
Mace (52) has closely studied the mode of formation of the tube of 
ISabella, penicillus. and distinguishes an external portion not formed by 
the animal from an internal part, which is constant and essential, and 
appears to be formed by special glands. 
Haswell (46) regards the elytra as having very varied functions, such 
as protective, phosphorescent, sensory, respiratory, and marsupial, and 
points out the structural characters which support his views. 
Greef (43) regards the rosette-shaped “ eyes,” or glands, as phospho- 
rescent organs ; the tubes of the rosettes are filled with granular matter, 
and provided with nerves. 
Salensky (56) has especially observed the development of Tercbella 
sp., Nereis cultrifera , and Spio fuliginosus. After an account of the 
earlier stages, he points out the existence of a cavity with contractile 
walls, exhibiting regular pulsations, from which tho enteric vessels are 
derived, and that this is an arrangement which is permanent in some lower 
Annelids. The history of Branchiobdella is also detailed. 
Kleinenberg (50) finds a nerve-ring in polycheetous larvae, which he 
compares with that of the Medusa ?, and comes to the conclusion that in 
larval Annelids we have the old nervous system of the Ccelenterata, which 
is replaced in the adult by a “ new formation.” [It may be here con- 
veniently noted that Gasou & Gadow (J. Anat. Pliys. 1882, p. 621) trans- 
late “neubildung” by “neomorphism.”] The author points out the 
importance of neomorphisms as affecting the rearrangement of the parts 
of an organism. 
Kennel (49) finds that Ctenodrilus is au ancient and “ collective ” type, 
with affinities to both Oligochceta and Polychceta , while tho forward 
position of the segmental organs demonstrates that it is not a degraded 
form. Ctenodrilus and Parthenope may be united in the family Ctenodrilklce , 
