10 Ccel. 
CCELENTERATA. 
8. Giglioli, H. H. Precious Coral. Nature, xxv. p. 552. 
The author states in answer to H. N. Moseley that Corallium secundum , 
Dana, has been found in large quantities at Okiuava or Kotshi, in Japan. 
9. Giieeff, K. Ueber die Coralleufischerei an der Kfiste dcr Capver- 
dischen Insel Santiago. Zool. Anz. iv. p. 490. 
10. Hertwig, R. Die Tiefseeactinien des ‘Challenger.’ SB. Jen. Ges. 
1881, p. 10. 
11. . Report on the Actiniaria dredged by H.M.S. ‘ Challenger 5 dur- 
ing the years 1873-1876. Zoology of H.M.S. ‘Challenger,’ part xv., 
134 pp., 14 pis. 
This report (at present incomplete) is translated from the German. 
Hertwig takes the structure and arrangement of the septa as the funda- 
mental principle in the classification of tho Actiniaria, and distinguishes 
six tribes — (1) Hexactinice , (2) Far actiniae, (3) Monauleie , (4) Edward sue, 
(5) Zoanthece, and (6) Cerianthece. As regards the distribution of the 
Actiniae , the author remarks that, as a rule, their number decreases as the 
depth increases, and they have not at present been observed at a greater 
depth than 2900 fathoms. Again, as regards the relation in which the 
fauna of different depths stand to one another, the greater the depth, the 
more the fauna varies from that of the coast. The influence of living at 
great depths upon the character of the Actiniae can bo distinctly recog- 
nized in many forms, and is shown by the nature of the tentacles which 
have undergone retrograde formation, and are transformed first into 
tubes, and afterwards into simple openings in the oral disk. Again, the 
arrangement of the, septa typical of the Hexactiniae is only present in 
thirteen genera. 
12. . Bau der Ovarien bei den Actinien. SB. Jen. Ges. 1881, p. 18. 
Abstr. in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) ii. p. 795. 
The author finds in Corallimorplius rigidus that the smallest ova form 
groups of 2-4 cells between the bases of the epithelial cells. Young egg- 
cells are connected with the epithelium by a short cord ; and when they 
leave this region, they pass into the mesoderm. 
13. Jordan, H. Die Theorien fiber die Enstehung der Korallenriffe. 
Biol. Centralbl. ii. p. 515. 
After discussing the views held by Chamisso, Darwin, and Dana, the 
author describes at some length the evidence of Semper’s researches in 
the Pelew Islands, and maintains that Darwin’s subsidence theory cannot 
account for the formation of all reefs and atolls. 
14. Kayer, E. Obercarbonische Fauna von Loping. In Richthofen’s 
“China,” iv. Palseontologie. (Berlin: 1882, 4to.) Anthozoa, pp. 
194-198, pis. xxix. figs. 7-13 & 15, and xxiv. figs. 4 & 5. 
15. Koby, F. Poly piers jurassiques de la Suisse. Mem. Soc. Pal. Suisse, 
vii. & viii. 108 pp , 30 pis. 
16. Koch, G. YON. Anatomie der Clavularia prolifer a (sp. n.). Morphol. 
JB. vii. p. 467, pis. xxii. & xxiii. Abstr. in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) ii. 
p. 349. 
After a description of the anatomy and histology of Clavularia pro- 
