ANTHOZOA. 
Goel. 11 
lif era , the author discusses the budding of certain A Icyonaria. In Sym- 
podium , the polyps arise from a creeping stolon, and are situated at a 
greater or less distance from one another, and externally to the stolon are 
quite free. Only in a few cases are certain of the polyps bound together 
in a bundle. In small specimens of Alcyonium it can be proved that the 
structure is exactly the same as the “ pseudo-biischen ” of S ympodium, 
and that the polyp cavities are in communication with one another only 
by the intermediation of nutritive canals. The condition of Spongodes 
is exactly the same as Alcyonium ; and in Paralcyonium and Funiculina , 
in which the polyps are much more closely bound together, it can be 
proved by means of sections that the buds do not arise from the mother 
polyps, but from canals connecting two neighbouring polyps together. 
Then follows a note on a peculiar structure in Clavularia ochreacea. In 
some comparative remarks at the end of the paper, on the connection of 
the buds with the stolon in Clavularia prolifera , the author maintains 
that the network of canals from which the young buds spring in other 
Alcyonarians is really homologous with the stolon of Clavularia and 
allied forms ; and in another note on “ the relation of the spicules and 
their horny sheaths with the ectoderm,’’ he maintains that Clavularia 
proves the hard skeletal parts of the Alcyonarians to be primarily deri- 
vatives of the ectoderm. 
17. Kocit, G. von. Mittheilungen liber das Kalkskelet der Madreporarien. 
Morphol. JB. viii. p. 85, pi. iii. Abstr. in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) ii. 
p. 795. 
This paper is divided into two parts — 1. The law of the increase of the 
septa ; 2. On the signification of the theca. The author’s conclusion on 
the first part is, that throughout the Hcxactincc y both Eporosa and Imper- 
forata, the increase of septa is practically simultaneous, and that modifi- 
cations of this law must be due either to adaptation or inherited varia- 
tions in the growth of the whole animal. In the second part he brings 
forward some further evidence from researches on young Cladocora , 
young Caryophyllia , Paracyathus , and Dendrophyllia, to support the view 
that the theca is not formed by a calcification of the derma, but by a 
secondary fusion of the septa. 
18. . Dio morphologiSch Bcdoutung des Korallonskolcts. Biol. 
Centralbl. ii. p. 583. 
19. . Mittheilungen liber die Structur von Pholidophyllum loveni 
und Cyathophyllum aus Konisprus. Palaeontographica, xxviii. 6, 
pp. 1-12. 
20. . Ueber die Eutwickelung des Kalkskelets von Asteroides caly- 
cularis und dessen morphologischer Bedeutung. MT. z. Stat. Neap, 
iii. p. 284, pis. xx. & xxi. 
21. . Vorlaufige Mittheilungen fiber die Gorgonien ( Alcyonaria 
axifera ) von Neapel und fiber die Entwickelung der Gorgonia verru- 
cosa. L. c. p. 537, 15 woodcuts. Abstr. in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) ii. 
p. 796. 
In the second part of this paper, the author describes the segmentation 
