2 Spong. 
SPONGIIDA. 
6. Dybowski, W. Studien fiber die Sfisswasser-schwamme des Russi- 
schen Reichs. Mem. Petersb. (7) xxx. No. x. pis. i.-iii. 
A detailed account of 5 species of Russian Spongillulce known to the 
author. The 12 nominal species of European Spongillulce are reduced to 
5, and a list of 84 works on the group is appended. 
7. Graeffe, E. Uebersicht der Seethierfauna des Golfes von Triest 
nebst Notizen iiber Yorkommen, Lebensweise, Erscheinungs- und 
Fortpflanzungs-zeit der einzelnen Arten. II. Ccelenteraten. Spongi- 
ariae. Arb. z. Inst. Wien. iv. p. 313. 
Notes on the habits of Sponges generally, and of 45 species found at 
Triest in particular ; the localities of the Sponges near Triest, the habitats 
of eggs and larvae, and the period of reproduction, are given where known. 
8. Hyatt, J. D. The Boring Sponge : Does it excavate the Burrows 
in which it is found ? Am. Micr. J/iii. p. 81, 3 woodcuts. 
9. Krukenberg, C. F. W. Vergleichend-Physiologische Studien. Ex- 
perimentelle Untersuchungen. Zweite Reihe. Dritte Abtheilung. 
Heidelberg : 1882, 8vo, 9 tables of spectra. 
Under the heading “ Die Pigmente, ihre Eigenschaften, ihre Genese, und 
ihre Metamorphosen bei den Wirbellosen Thieren,” this deals with sundry 
pigments found in Invertebrata\ those described in Sponges are floridine, 
uranidine, and lipochrome. Floridine appears only to occur in those Sponges 
which yield a violet to purplish-red tint to the naked eye. At p. 60, a 
useful table is given of the chief reactions of those animal pigments which 
are alterable by ferments. For results, see below, Aplysina cierophoba , 
Hircinia variabilis, Reniera , and General Anatomy and Physiology. 
10. Lankester, E. R. On the Chlorophyll-corpuscules and Amyloid 
Deposits of Spongilla and Hydra. Q. J. Micr. Sci. xxii. p. 229, 
pi. xx. 
The author finds that the green pigment of Spongilla is contained 
in specific chlorophyll-corpuscules, which are of the same nature as those 
of plants, and are formed by the protoplasm of the cells in which they 
occur ; an amyloid substance was also found in a vacuole which occurs 
in the sponge-cell. Facts and arguments are adduced in opposition to 
Brandt’s views on this subject ; see below, Spongilla Jluviatilis. See also 
id. Nature, xxvii. p. 88. 
11. Lendenfeld, R. y. Das Hornfaserwachsthum der Aplysinidai. 
Zool. Anz. v. p. 634. 
12. Marshall, W. Die Ontogenie von Reniera Jiligrana, O. Schm. 
Z. wiss. Zool. xxxvii. p. 221, pis. xiii. & xiv. 
A detailed description of the development. The author argues in favour 
of the Ooelenterate affinities of the Sponges, concluding with the state- 
ment that Porifera and Telifera are two diverging branches of the 
Ooelenterate stem, which have been developed from the stem-form, Pro- 
tactinia } common to both. 
