4 Spong. 
SPONGIIDA. 
worirs, anil are selected so as to give a good general insight into the 
subject. 
G. 0. J. Vosmaer : Porifera, in Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen 
des Thierreichs, Leipzig and Heidelberg, vol. ii. Lief. i. 1882, pp. 1-32, 
pis. i., ii., & iv. This, the first part of the revised edition, discusses the 
origin of the names applied to the group, gives a list of the chief works 
relating to Sponges, and commences an abstract of the substance of the 
leading writings. 
F. E. Schulze, “Der Badeschwamm,” in Westermann’s Illustrirte 
Deutsche Monatshefte, 1882, pp. 188-210, illustrated by 15 woodcuts. 
He describes the commercial varieties of Sponge and their distribution, 
and the structure, physiology, and development of the officinal Sponges, 
discusses the vegetable theory of the affiuity of Sponges, and advocates 
the view that a “ person ” is represented by each oscular opening ; ho 
describes also the fishery and preparation for the market, and the 
attempts made to cultivate Sponges artificially. 
<l Ueber den Badeschwamm ” (Graz: 1882, 8vo, 6 pp.), a lecture 
delivered before the Society for Natural Sciences of Styria, by the same 
author, deals with the same subject more briefly. 
Microscopic fungus discolouring and damaging officinal Sponges during 
use, described by J. Dufour, Bull. Soc. Yaud. (2) xvii. p. 144, and 
named Torulci spongicola ; phenic and salicylic acid and boiliug water are 
recommended as remedies. 
Use of subchloride of potassium, called Eau de Javelle, recommended 
for preparation of the skeleton of a sponge ( Spongilla ) by F. 0. Noll, 
Zool. Anz. v. p. 528. 
Faunje. 
Fresh-water. 
Sardinia. Fresh-water Sponge from a stream, briefly described by A. 
Costa, Rend. Acc. Nap. xxi. p. 191, without nam6. 
Russia. 5 species of Spongillidce , including a new Spongilla , and 3 un- 
named Meyenicu, described by Dybowski (6). 
North America. Account of Spongillidce from the Buffalo River (U.S.), 
by H. Mills, reported from Bull. Buff. Soc. in the “ Microscope and its 
relation to Medicine and Pharmacy” (Ann Arbor, Michigan), ii. p. 28; 
they include Spongilla asperrima S. ottawaensis , Dawson, S.fragilis, Car- 
ter ella tubisperma , and two other species [see also Potts]. 
Australia. 2 new species of Spongilla and 1 of Meyenia described 
from New South Wales by Haswell [see infra]. 
New Guinea . From Lake Kamaka Vallar, with temperature of 31° 
Cels., an alleged new form of Sponge, of Halichondrioid affinities, 
recorded by Miklucho-Maclay before the Russian Geographical Society ; 
Nature, xxvii. p. 138. 
Marine. 
Arctic Sea. 25 Sponges, including 9 new Silicea, described by Vosmaer 
(17), from the ‘ Willem Barents,’ from the W. and N.W. and N. Nor- 
wegian coasts, the Barents Sea, and Novaja Zemlya. Spicules of Hex - 
