TllE GENERAL SUBJECT. 
Aves 17 
[Gadeau de ICerville, IT.] [See also Singes.] 
Gadow, H. The Morphology of Birds. Nature, xxxix, Nos. 993 & 999, 
pp. 150-152 & 177-181 [13 and 20 Dec , 1888]. 
An admirable extract of Furbringer’s great work (supra, p. 14), con- 
cisely setting forth its author’s researches and their results, to which We 
have been greatly indebted for the brief notice already given of it. So 
far as we are aware, it is the only attempt yet made to make known more 
generally the enormous extent and the particular bearing of his laborions 
investigations. Its republication in a more accessible form is a thing 
greatly to be desired. 
. Remarks [1] on the Numbers and [2] on the Phylogenetic 
Development of the Remiges of Birds. P. Z. S. 1888, pp. 
G55-6G7. 
Part i. contains a comprehensive examination of the number and size 
of the primaries, with tables of the results, which are given separately for 
Wallace’s groups (a, b, c, d) of Passei'cs. The author finds evideuce 
of the gradual reduction in number of the functional quills, but 
considers it of little value for classification. In Part II he discusses 
Wray’s discovery that oue or two rows of greater under wing-coverts 
were originally situated on the dorsal side of the wing, and its appli- 
cation to the cases of the Ratitce and Spheniscidce ; he also refers to 
Furbringer’s explanations of the number of scale-like feathers on the 
wing in the latter family, though disagreeing with that writer’s 
views; and, finally, states his own ideas on phylogenetic development, 
which lead to the conclusion that Ffirbringer is right in considering the 
Ratitce to bo descendants of Birds with the power of flight, and that, 
on anatomical grounds, the Spheniscidce should not be separated from 
the Carina tee. 
. [Bronn, H. G.]. Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs, 
wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Fortgesetzt von 
Dr. Hans Gadow in Cambridge. Sechster Band, iv. Abtheilung. 
Vogel: Aves (Gehirnnerven [contd.], Der Kopftheil des sympathis- 
chen Nervensystems, Riickenmarksnerven, Das Sehorgan oder Auge, 
Das Geruchsorgan, Das Gehororgan, Diffuse Sinnesorgane, Integu- 
ment oder System der ausseren Haut. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 Lieferung, 
pp.367, 368, & 385-512, pis. xli — xlvi [Structur des Gehirns ; Gehirn; 
Kopf- und Riickenmarksnerven ; Schulternerven - Geflecht ; Das 
Auge ; Nase, Ohr und diffuse Sinnesorgane], 6 cuts. 
Gautp, E. Anatomische Untersuchungen fiber die Nervenversorgung 
der Mund- und Nasenhohlendrfisen der Wirbelthiere. Morph. JB. 
xiv, pp. 43G-489, pi. xix. [Birds, pp. 471-481.] 
GaSCH, F. R. Beitrage zur Vergleichenden Anatomie des Herzens der 
Vogel und Reptilien. Arch. f. Nat. 1888, pp. 119-152, pis. xi & xii. 
The author treats of the heart in the cases of Natatores , Grallatores , 
Gallinacei, Columbines , Scansorcs, Passeres , Raptatores , Cursores ; pi. xi 
refers to Cygnus musicus and Ciconia alba. 
1888. [vol. xxv.] o 6 
