46 Aves * 
AYES. 
origin of Zawdf-birds, while Penguins and Petrels possibly did so originate; 
(5) that the migrations from the north followed four or five lines only, 
viz., the west coast of Europe and Africa ; the east coast of Asia, but 
branching from North China to Australia, and also to the Himalayas ; 
the west coast of America ; the east coast of America, as far only as the 
United States ; while some followed the Siberian rivers. 
[Tristram, H. B.] Notes on a small Collection of Birds from Newala, 
East Africa. T. c. pp. 2G5 & 266. 
Newala is between L. Nyassa and the coast, and this report extends 
our knowledge of the distribution of species. 
Trowbridge, W. P. A Discovery by C. C. Trowbridge regarding the 
purpose of the Emargination of the Primary Wing-feathers of certain 
Birds. Tr. N. York Ac. Sci. vii [1887-88], pp. 19-21, cut. 
— — . The Mechanism of the Flight in Soaring Birds. T. c. pp. 75-78 
& 80-87. 
- . The Flight of Birds. Science, xi [1888], p. 10. 
[See Allen, J. A., Coues, E., Lucas, F. A., Newberry, J. S. ; and 
cf. Zool. Bee. xxiv, Aves, p. 22.] 
*Trumbull, G. Names and Portraits of Birds which interest Gunners, 
with descriptions in language understanded of the People. New 
York : 1888, 8vo, viii & 222 pp , 61 cuts. 
Trutat, E. Faune ornithologique de P6kin. Bull. Soc. Toulouse, 1887, 
pp. 58-61. 
■ The author describes two small collections in the Toulouse Museum, 
from MM. Constans and Soubeyran respectively. 
Tschusi zu Sciimidhoffen, Y. v. Neue Arten und formen des Ornis 
Austro-Hungarica, mit genauen Nachweisen und kritischen Bemer- 
kungen. MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1888, pp. 63, 64, & 78-81. 
-. Die ornithologische Litoratur Oesterreich-Ungarn, 1887. T. c. 
pp. 111-115. [Cf. Zool. Bee. xxiii, Aves, p. 40.] 
. [See also Budytes ( Motacillidce ), Nucifraga (Corvid ce), Turdus 
( Turdidce ), Pelecunus ( Pelecanidce ), Tetrao (Tetraonidce), Sterna 
( Laridce ).] 
, & Dalla-Torre, K. V. iv. Jahresbericht (1885), des Comity’s 
fur ornithologische Beobachtungs-stationen in Oesterreich-Ungarn. 
Ornis, 1888, pp. 1-146, 161-272, & 321-368, [Cf. Zool. Bee. xxiv, 
Aves, p. 9.] 
This report shews an increase of three observers, as compared with the 
sixty-four of last year. The account of the literature is the same as in 
Z. ges. Orn. 1886 (by Tschusi, q. v.). 
& . v. Jahresbericht (1886), &c. Supplement to Ornis, 1888, 
xi & 346 pp. 
65 observers. An index is given of the species mentioned [327], which 
doubles the value of the work, while notes from the “ Lights ” are to 
be found at the end. 
