10 Ech. 
ECHINODERMATA. 
Renal Organs. 
Echinoidea , Sarasin (52, 55). Asteroklea, Griffiths. 
Muscular and Stewart’s Organs. 
Echinoidea , Sarasin (51). 
Eyes and Integument. 
Echinoidea ( Diadematida ), Sarasin (53). 
Yascular System. 
Holothuroidea , H^rouard, Semon. 
Embryology. 
Holothuroidea , Semon. Crinoidea , Bury, Barrois, J. 
Echinoidea , Fleisciimann. Asterpidea , Fewkes. 
Physiology. 
Asteroidea, Griffiths. 
Phylogeny. 
Sarasin (55), Semon, Carpenter (15), Wachsmuth & Springer (64). 
Miscellanea. 
Parasitism — Voigt, Rosoll, Sarasin (53). 
Gemmation — Sarasin (54). 
Fossil Forms. 
Holothuroidea, Malagoli, Schlumberger. 
Ophiuroidea , Toula. 
• Asteroidea , Malagoli. 
Crinoidea , Beachler, Carpenter (13), Eck, Miller, Greppin, 
Wachsmuth & Springer (63, 64). 
Echinoidea, Cotteau (15, 16, 17, 18, 19), Duncan (23), Dollo & 
Buisseret, Gauthier, Lambert, Loriol, Novak, Roemer, Pom el 
(47, 48), Vuillemin. 
III. — CLASSIFICATION. 
Semon proposes the following groups : — 
I. Angiochirota = Holothuria : retain the primitive relation of the 
tentacular to the somatic region. 
ii. Achirota = Echinoids : tentacular region aborted, 
in. Ccelomachirota = Crinoids, Ophiurids, and Asteroids : the cadomic 
region has extended iuto the tentacular region. 
