MORPHOLOGY AND LIFE-HISTORY. 
Frol. 17 
the more solid and skeletal reticulum. The chemical properties of both 
substances are exactly alike. Different portions of Ilyaloplasma can 
fuse. Fahre-Domergtje, (3) p. 61. 
The parasite found by Henneguy in Palcemon was evidently allied to 
those found hitherto only in Mammals. He was not able to bring about 
infection, aud thus study its life-history. 
In continuing his work on Protozoa , BOtsciili interposes between 
pts. 46 & 47 an Introduction to the first volume. He commences with 
an historical accouut of Ciliaia , followed by a phylogenetic table. All 
unicellular forms arise, not from amoeboid organisms, but from forms 
intermediate between Parrodina and Mastigoj^hora. Their best repre- 
sentatives are the Bhizomastigoda. The author questions whether any 
forms are non-nucleated, and therefore rejects Monera as the basis of 
unicellular organisms. The origin of Infusoria is uncertain, and that 
of Sporozoa very obscure. The higher plants are derived from the 
Protococcoidca. In continuing the general subject, Biitschli treats of 
Ciliata. There are twelve new plates, and also woodcuts. 
Fabre-Domergue (1) gives an historical review and a general 
description of Urceolariw , followed by a special account of certain 
forms. The author considers that there is very slight evidence in 
favour of Biitschli’s view that Licnophora are derived from Hypotricha , 
and Trichodincc from Licnophora. The fixing organ and the suctorial 
mechanism are described. 
Golpoda presents three kinds of cysts, capable of conversion into each 
other. They are Dividing cysts, Permanent cysts, and Sporocysts. 
This is a very primitive Ciliate, with a vesicular nucleus. It is related to 
the Gregarinida and the Coccidia. It exists in four stages : — (1) a multi- 
nuclear, (2) a uninuclear stage, (3) an amoebo-flagollato stage, aud (4) 
the young Golpoda. Rhumbler. 
Gulliver finds a sharp distinction between exo- and endo-plasm in 
Pelomyxa palustris. 
Dreyer discusses the formation and homologies of the “gates” in 
Radiolaria. They are to the skeleton what the oscula are to the 
sarcode body (p. 135). He divides the “ gate” structures into — Primary, 
preceding the formation of a definite skeleton ; secondary, supple- 
mentary to such skeleton. The derivation of the secondary structures is 
discussed on p. 138, and of primary on p. 153. The influence of the 
“gate” on the configuration of the whole shell is described on p. 165. 
Rhizopod shells can be divided into — (1) Those through which the 
pseudopodia pass out evenly on all sides ; (2) Those in which they pass 
out mainly at one or two openings — the “ gates,” p. 180. On the con- 
stancy of “gates” in the same species, see p. 190. The systematic 
bearing of these structures, p. 196. 
Brady (3) gives an account of Orbitolites complanata , var. laciniala y 
from the Suva Reef, Fiji, in a reproductive condition practically new 
to morphology. The specimens differed from the ‘Challenger’ 
examples in being apparently parasitic when adult, in being less 
massive, and in having the annular space inclosed by the peripheral 
wall crammed with very young shells. He discusses the absence of 
