MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT. Prot. 19 
Alimentary. 
The alimentary tract of Ciliata presents various grades of definiteness. 
Balantidium elongatum shews a clear track from mouth to anus, on treat- 
ment with caustic potash. Fabre-Domergue, (3) p. 61. 
Butschli deals exhaustively with the alimentary organs of Ciliata. 
The mouth and gullet, p. 1351. The structure of the anus, p. 1380. The 
endoplasm and food vacuoles, p. 1391. 
The true organs of assimilation in Colpoda are the granules or cor- 
puscles of the endoplasm. Riiumbler. 
The manner of feeding of Podophn/a compresm seems to show that 
solid matter is ingested and ejected through the tentacles. Nutting. 
Miss M. Greenwood treats of the digestion of lilnzopoda. 
Excretory. 
Tho contractile vosiclcs of Ciliata are oxcrotory. Fabre-Domergue, 
(3) p. 70. 
During encystmeut there is often an accumulation of excrement 
betweeu the cyst and the cell protoplasm. Id. p. 117. 
Contractile vacuoles are discussed by Butschli, on pp. 1411-1459. 
Rhumbler finds them to excrete uric acid. 
De Bruyne (2) believes that pulsating vacuoles never communicate 
with the exterior, and therefore cannot be excretory. They are probably 
respiratory and circulatory. 
Motile and Defensive Organs. 
.For various motile organs of the ectoplasm of Ciliata , see Butschli, 
pp. 1314-1351. He also treats of the stalks of Vorticellids, on pp. 1306- 
1319, and of Trichocysts, on pp. 1459-1469. 
Zaciiarias discusses pseudopodia and flagella. In answer to Gruber’s 
statement that nothing is known of pseudopodia which behave like true 
flagella, he refers to his own observations on Polyphemus pediculus. 
Daday (1), on pp. 479-488, treats of the investment of Tintinnodea. Its 
structure and openings assist in the systematic arrangement of the family. 
IV. — PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT. 
Fabre-Domergue (3), in the second part of his paper, attempts to 
show that as soou as the cell becomes developed and individualised, it 
acquires functions comparable to those of the most highly organised 
beings. Pp. 40-49 contain a short historical resume of the knowledge of 
Ciliata. 
Mauiws (2) finds that light has no influence on the multiplication of 
Ciliata. There is no proof that conjugation has any accelerating effect 
on fission. The micronucleus is the essential sexual organ of the Micro- 
zoa. When, through senile degeneration, this disappears, no reproduc- 
