2G Gen. Sab. 
GENERAL SUBJECTS. 
Maupas, M. Sur le determinisme de la sexualite chez V Ilydatina senta. 
C.R. cxiii, pp. 388-390. 
The ovum, at first neutral, tends to produce a female if temperature 
is lowered, a male if it be raised. 
MeunieRj J. La Ponte des Insectes. Rev. Sci. xlviii, pp. 328-335. 
Laws of oviposition. 
Parona, C. L’autotoinia e la rigenerazione delle appendici dorsali 
( Phcenicurus ) nella Tethjs leporina. Zool. Anz. xiv, pp. 293-295. 
Perrier, C. Mission Scientifique du Gap Horn. Vi. Zoologie. Paris : 
4to, 198 pp., 13 pis. (See Echiuodermala.) 
Inter alia : In all starlishos mutilated parts are regenerated ; in somo, 
one half of the body is almost always been regrown ; a separate arm may 
form a new organism ; the number of arms is not quite constant in the 
same species. 
Randolph, H. The Regeneration of the Tail in Lumbricidus. Zool. 
Anz. xiv, pp. 154-156. 
Ryder, J. A. The Origin of Sex through Cumulative Integration, and 
the relation of Sexuality to the Genesis of Species. P. Am. Phil. 
Soc. xxxviii (1890), pp. 109-159. 
Cumulative integration or assimilation beyond the current needs of 
the parent organism— a characteristic of living matter ; its most import- 
ant consequence, growth. With continuous growth the tendency to 
disproportionato increase of mass over surfaco interferes, and division 
results. In the simplest forms one kind of living matter is produced, 
subsequently a differentiation of cytoplasm and nucleoplasm occurred, 
with important interactions. The more primitive cells, poorly provided 
with cytoplasm, represent “ male ” elements ; subsequently by cumulative 
integration arose cells with a cytoplasmic field— “ female” elements. By 
extreme reduction of the cytoplasm male cells became incapable of inde- 
pendent development. The two elements became reciprocally attractive. 
Fertilisation is a reciprocal restoration of the equilibrium between the 
nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of ovum and spermatozoon. Metazoa 
arose in consequence of cumulative integration and relative increase of 
cytoplasm. There was a time when asexual reproduction, through fission 
without karyokinesis, was effected by forms “ morphologically male.” 
“When individuals became developed in which the physiological functions 
of the individual were so adjusted automatically, through a correlation 
of those functions, as to impede the production of chromatin or nucleo- 
plasm, presumably through a too rapid action of cumulative integration, 
cytoplasm was produced in a preponderating measure, the spermatogonia 
were hypertrophied, and discharged before complete maturation as ova. 
In this way femaleness arose, and as ‘sox’ thus becamo reflected in the 
physiological tendencies of the individuals of a species, some became male 
