2 Pisces. 
PISCES. 
Howes, G. B. On some Hermaphrodite Genitalia of the Codfish ( Gadus 
morrh.ua ), with Remarks upon the Morphology and Phylogeny of the 
Vertebrate Reproductive System. J. L. S. xxiii, pp. 539-558, pi. xiv. 
The living Vertebrata, as classified by their urinogenital system, fall 
into two series: 1. The Nephrorchidic ( Elasmobranchii , Batrachia , Amniota), 
in which vasa efferentia are preseut, and the excretory organ is an acces- 
sory to reproduction in the male ; 2. the Euthorchidio ( Ganoidei , Teleostei , 
Marsiprcbranchii, Dipnoi ), in which vasa efferentia are unrepresented, 
and the Wolffian or segmental duct is exclusively renal in function. The 
author formulates the hypothesis of an apterygial ( i.e. f without pectoral 
fins) Chondrichthyan, with hermaphrodite duct bearing genitalia, as the 
most probable ancestor of the living Vertebrata. 
*Palacky, J. Die Verbreitung der Fische. Prague : 1891, 8vo, x, 
239 pp. 
. Ueber die Entstehung der Siisswasserfische. Verh. z.-b. Wien, xli, 
SB. pp. 33-35. 
Parker, T. J. On the Origin of the Sternum. Tr. N. Z. Inst, xxiii, 
pp. 119-123, pi. xix. 
Gegenbaur, 0. Ueber den Conus arteriosus der Fische. Morph. JB. 
xvii, pp. 596-610. 
Chevrel, R. Sur l’anatomie du systeme nerveux grand sympathique 
des Elasmobranches et des poissons osseux. These de la faculte des 
sciences de Paris, 1891. Abstract, Rev. Sci. xlvii, pp. 596 & 597. 
Owsjannikow, P. Results of Researches on the pineal eye of Reptiles, 
Amphibians, and Fishes (Russian text). Rev. Soc. Nat. S. Petersb. 
1891, pp. 100-111, figs. French abstract, p. 175. 
Ritter, C. Zur Histologie der Zapfen dor Fischrotiua. Month. Int. 
J. Anat. Hist, viii, pp. 128-134, pi. vii. 
Kupffer, C. von. Die Entwickelung der Kopfnerven der Vertebra ten. 
Verh. Anat. Ges. 1891, pp. 22-55, figs. 
Eigen mann, C. H. On the Genesis of the Chromatophores in Fishes. 
Am. Nat. xxv, pp. 112-118, pis. iii-v. 
Lode, A. Beitrage zur Anatomie und Physiologie des Farbenwechsels 
der Fische. SB. Ak. Wien, xcix, Abth. iii, pp. 130-143, pi. 
Auerbach, L. Ueber einen sexuellen Gegensatz in der Chromatophilie 
der Keimsubstanzen, nebst Bemerkungen zum Bau der Eier und 
Ovarien niederer Wirbelthiere. SB. Ak. Berlin, 1891, pp. 331-368. 
McIntosh, W. C. Additional Observations on the Development and 
Life-Histories of the Marine Food-Fishes, and the Distribution of 
their Ova. Abstract, P. R. Soc. Edinb. xviii, pp. 268-270. 
. Further Observations on the Life-Histories and Development of 
the Food and other Fishes. Rep. Fish. Scotl. ix, pt. iii, pp. 317-342, 
pis. x-xiii. 
