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leaved forms. This is perhaps one of the most variable plants in Ceylon, and 
j my specimens of this one and of L. Phlegmaria so run into each other that 
I have great trouble in separating them. “ Very variable in the form of its 
leaves, but the size and shape of the sporangia very constant. Spring refers 
this to L. ulicifolium, Vent.” Thw. En. 377. 
228. Lycopodium S rratum, Thunb. 
FI. Jap. 341. t. 38. Willd. 1. c. 51. Hook. et. Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 37. Gas-hce- 
daya, Sin. C. P. 1419. ,£ Forma foliis minoribus, magis confertis, firmioribus. in 
conspicue serratis, C. P. 1415.” Thw. Entirely terrestrial, and found by me 
in great abundance some years ago in gullies and generally in rich soil on 
the banks of streams, in the forest near Mattakella, Dimbula, near Le Vallon- 
in Nilambe, and in the belt separating Dikoya from Maskeliya. Although 
Dr. Thwaites has given two 0. P. Nos. for this plant and says that it is 
equally variable with the preceding, I believe that the different forms of C. P. 
1419 are the result of age and climate, but the form C.P. 1415, looks very different 
and is not unlike L. selago in many respects.* 
229. Lycopodium clavatum, Linn. 
Willd. 1. c. 16. var. L. Magellanicum, Sw. and L. confertum, Willd. 1. c. 
15. and 27. Hooker Flora Antartica. i. 113, ii. 394, 550. Bentham, Illustrated 
Handbook of the British Flora, ii. p. 1021 Fig. 1243. C. P. 3283. The 
Common Club Moss, Badge of the Sinclairs. This is the first and best known 
of the family by me, and is found in great abundance growing amongst the 
heather on the Mulbuoy between Conan and Inverness, where I first found 
it in my boyhood. Dr. Thwaites gives the Horton Plains at an elevation of 
7000 feet for the Ceylon plant. My specimens were sent to me from Nuwara 
Eliya and Pedurutalagalla at 6,600 to 8000 feet. It has creeping hard stems 
1 to 2 feet long, with ascending forked branches, 1 to 3 inches long. It is 
used in Scotland for decorations in the same way as the Badal-wanassa 
L. cernuum, is in Ceylon. “Its spores are used on the stage to produce arti- 
ficial lightning, from their highly inflammable nature. They are also employed 
*The following remarks on Lycopodiun Selago, from Moore’s British Ferns 
and their allies p. p. 141-2, are so applicable to my specimens of C.P. 1415, 
that I quote them entire, and beg to suggest that L. serrata and L. selago 
run into each other : — 
“The fructification is in this species not borne in terminal spikes as in 
the other kinds, but is produced in the axils of the leaves at the upper part 
of the stems. The spore cases are rather large, sessile, kidney-shaped, two 
valved, and filled with minute pale yellow spores. 
Besides the ordinary spores, the plant is furnished with other means of 
propagation in the shape of deciduous buds, produced for the most part in 
the axils of the loaves, about, the apices of the branches. These buds separ- 
ate spontaneously, fall to the ground, and there vegetate, first producing 
roots, and then elongating into a leafy stem. They are formed by an altered 
leaf, which, becoming somewhat swollen on the outside, protrudes from its 
inner margin five smaller lanceolate leaves or teeth, the whole being elevated 
on a short hardened footstalk. Within this is a whorl of five parts repre- 
senting a gemma or bud ; the three inner lobes of this series are large and 
prominent, and of an ovate oblong acute form ; the two outer lobes are very 
small, scale like, one closely appressed to the anterior, the other to the pos- 
terior surface of the bud. In the centre of the three inner lobes, in due 
time, appears a thickish oblong body, which is in reality the undeveloped 
stem, and eventually elongates, puts out small leaflets, and becomes a plant. 
These buds are capable of growth either while attached to their parent 
stem or when detached and in contact with the soil ; and they appear to be 
the chief means of propagation possessed by this species, for the statements 
which have been made respecting the germination of the spores of the Fir 
Club-moss are open to much doubt. Probably it was these buds which were 
caused to germinate. 
