1G Coal. 
XVI. CCELENTERATA. 
Group G. Turbinarice tabulates. T., in which the coralla form thick, more 
or less horizontal dish-like growths, with the margins turned up. 
Successive growths form flat tiers one above another. 
T. reniformis, Palm I., p. GJ, foliosa , p. 61, rugosa , Formosa, p. 62, 
crassa , Gt. Barrier Reef, p. 63, elegans , Tongatabu, Gt. 
Barrier Reef, p. 63, veluta , Tongatabu, p. 64, marmorea, 
Rehberg, p. 65. 
Group 7. Turhinarice glomeratce. T., in which the growth in thickness 
which characterises the last group is so great that they form 
spherical or hemispherical masses, the margins hanging down 
and creeping round former growths. 
T. stellulata , Lam., p. 65, palifera, Lam., p. 67, parvistella , Sav.- 
Kent, p. 67, globularis, Diego Garcia, Gt. Barrier Reef, p. 68. 
Group 8. Turbinarios bifrontales. T. } in which the margin of the cup 
forms vertical folds, which fuse back to back ; the subsequent 
growth of the stock is carried on by these folds, which thus form 
fronds with ealicles on both sides. 
T. bifrons , Bruggemann, p. 69, conspicua , Shark’s Bay, Gt. Barrier 
Reef, p. 70, gracilis , Gt. Barrier Reef, p. 72, demlrophyllia , 
Roebuck Bay, W. Australia, p. 73. 
Group 9. Turbinarios varies contortce. 
T. contorta, S. Chinese Seas, p. 74, subversa , Palm I., Gt. Barrier 
Reef, p. 75. 
Astr^eopora. 
Group 1. Astrceoporce explanatcs. A ., in which the corallum spreads 
laterally, either encrusting or with a free edge supported by an 
epitheca. The corallum thickens slowly, and often irregularly. 
A. expanse , Bruggemann, p. 86 ; horizontalis , Seychelles, p. 87, 
myriophthalma , Lam., p. 87, incrustans , p. 89, arenaria , Red 
Sea, p. 90. 
Group 2. Astrceoporce pulvinatce. A., in which the ealicles rise up like a 
sheaf of corn above the epitheca, the top expanding and hanging 
over. Under the pendent edges of the expanded bolster-like 
top, a secondary epitheca may appear. This expanded top is 
grown over by fresh layers, until great, smooth, cushion-shaped 
masses are formed. 
A. listeri , Tongatabu, p. 91, ehrenbergii [=A. myriophthalma , Klunz., 
non Lam.], p. 92, gracilis , Solomon I., p. 93, hirsuta , Gt. 
Barrier Reef, p. 94, ocellata , Warrior I., Baudiu I., p. 95. 
Group 3. Astrceoporce globulares. A. y in which the ealicles lengthen and 
increase in number in such a way that the ccenenchymatous 
skeleton early rolls over the edge of the epitheca, forming at 
first a hemispherical, and later, as new layers cover the old, an 
almost completely globular mass. 
Lam., p. 96, ovalis 1 p. 97, henti t King’s Sound, p. 97, 
profunda , Yerrill, p. 98. 
Roule (89) records Amphihelia oculata , Linn., 1220-1710 metres ; ij^le- 
nosmilia variabilis , Dune., Lophoheiia Candida , Moseley, 40^-500 
metres ; L. prolifera , Pallas, 400-500 metres ; Caryophyllia clavus , 
Scacchi, 180-400 metres ; C. communis , Moseley, 650-950 metres ; 
Cyathoceras cornu , Moseley, 400 metres ; Desmophyllum crista-galli t 
Milne-Edwards & Haine, 1220-1700 metres ; Flabellitm alabastrum , 
Moseley, 1710 metres ; Stephanotrochus diadema , Moseley, 1710 
metres ; Dendroghyllia cornigera , Lam., 400-500 metres, from the 
Bay of Biscay. 
