REV. D. GATH WHITLEY, PRIMEVAL MAN IN BELGIUM. 37 
the antiquity of the human remains,* but there seems to he no 
reason for refusing to give to these human skeletons a high 
antiquity. Pottery was extensively used in the Palaeolithic 
Period, although none has as yet been discovered in England 
in any deposit which is known to be of Palaeolithic Age.f 
These skeletons from the Spy cavern are taken as typical of 
the Neanderthal or Canstadt race, the men of which lived in 
the First Stone Age. In the Palaeolithic Period there were (so 
anthropologists tell us) four distinct races of men, characterised 
principally by the different shape of their skulls. First: the 
race of Canstadt, the men of which had dolichocephalic heads, 
low and receding foreheads, retreating chins, and a short stature. 
Secondly : the Cro-Magnon race, also dolichocephalic, but the 
men of this race were tall, and had finely-formed frames. 
Thirdly : the race of La Truchere, which is known to us by 
only a single skull, which is of a very fine character, and 
brachycephalic. Fourthly : the F urfooz race, which occupied 
a somewhat intermediate position, as the men belonging to it 
were rather short, and had heads of a brachycephalic character, 
as is well shown by the character of the human remains found 
in the cave of Frontal. 
Now, it has been argued that, of these races, the Canstadt 
race was the oldest, but the assertion cannot now be shown to 
be correct. As Fraipont and Lohest have proved, the age of 
the skeletons found in the Spy cavern is undoubtedly very 
great. But the other races, with, perhaps, the exception of that 
of Furfooz, go back quite as far. We have already referred to 
the skull of La Truchere, and we have shown what a high 
character it possesses, and this skull is quite as old as the 
.skeletons of Spy. Then, again, take the case of the race of Cro- 
Magnon, the fine skull of Engis, with its large brain case, has 
an antiquity quite as great as that possessed by the Spy 
.skeletons. These three races, therefore, evidently lived side by 
side in Western Europe at the same time. 
But, even if we assume that the Canstadt (or Neanderthal 
race) was the oldest, we have still to ask if the skulls and 
bones of that race indicate necessarily a low mental condition. 
All geological research answers this question in the negative. 
The famous skull of Neanderthal which (with other human 
* Formation de la Nation Frangaise, pp. 286, 287. 
f The pottery of the Palaeolithic Age is well described by M. Fraipont 
in his paper La Foterie en Belgique d l’ Age du Mammouth, which was 
published in Revue d! Anthropologie, 3me serie, t. 11. Paris, 1887. 
