REV. D. GATH WHITLEY, PRIMEVAL MAN IN BELGIUM. 33 
to signify the number of warriors slain by the chiefest man 
buried in the chamber, and the other was marked by the 
figure of some animal. The skeletons were mixed up pell-mell, 
but evidently the bodies had been buried with care, having- 
been reverently laid one above the other. The entrance of 
the vault had been closed by a great slab of limestone, which 
exactly fitted the opening, and had been forced out of its 
place by a great deposit of yellow clay which filled the cavern 
almost to its roof, burying all the relics. Outside the cave, 
beneath a mass of sand and gravel, were charcoal, cinders, and 
animals’ bones, which were probably the remains of funeral 
feasts held in honour of the dead. 
This most interesting cavern reveals to us several important 
truths concerning Primeval Man, who inhabited the rock- 
shelters on the banks of the Lesse in the days of the Mammoth 
and the reindeer. Pirst, from the nature of the skeletons, we 
learn the character of the men who were buried in it. They 
were rather below the mean height ; possessed a Mongolian or 
Tartar-shaped head with a somewhat brachycephalic skull, 
differing in this manner from the type of men who are 
represented by the Engis skull to which we have just referred. 
The brains, however, of the men buried in the cave of Frontal 
must have been of a fairly average size. Next we learn that 
the Troglodytes of the Lesse buried their dead with care and 
reverence, a fact which has been denied by those who are 
imperfectly acquainted with the customs of the men of the 
Palaeolithic Period. Thirdly, we mark there spect which these 
earliest men had for the dead, for they carefully closed the 
opening of the sepulchral chamber with a large stone slab to 
keep the bodies safe from wild beasts, evidently cherishing the 
memories of the departed with sincere affection. Lastly, it is 
demonstrated that these primeval inhabitants of Belgium held 
the ennobling belief of Immortality. 
The cave of Chaleux, in the cliffs overhanging the Lesse not 
far from Furfooz, is equally interesting. A mass of stones had 
fallen from the roof, and in the rubbish which lay upon them, 
which in its turn had been covered with a second fall of stones, 
were the relics of human occupation of the cavern. Charcoal, 
cinders and animals’ bones, together with weapons of bone and 
stone, were all wonderfully abundant, no fewer than 30,000 
splinters of Hint alone being collected from this dwelling 
among the cliffs. A. bone needle, with a well-formed eye, was 
one of these relics, and it had evidently been used for making 
garments of skin. This raises the question of the dress of 
