84 COLONEL T. HOLBEIN HENDLEY, C.I.E., ON RESEMBLANCES 
2. Swagatam. Welcoming: offering fresh fruit. 
3. Pdclyam. Washing the feet. 
4. Argham. Pouring water over the head of the image. 
5. AchamaniyJcham. Giving the idol water to sip. 
6. Mcidhuparkam. Offering curds, honey, and clarified 
butter with water to sip. 
7. Sndnam, Bathing with water, milk, curds, clarified 
butter, honey, sugar, and again water ; with 
perfumed oils and powders, and once more pure 
water, and with perfumed water, sandalwood 
paste and flowers, concluding with carefully 
wiping the image. 
8. Wasanam. Offering clothes and rich dresses. 
9. Abharanani. Offering gold ornaments, jewellery, etc. 
10. Gandham. Offering perfumes and sandalwood paste. 
11. Pushpam. Offering flowers, garlands, etc. 
12. Dhupam. Burning incense before the image, 
13. Dipam. Offering a lamp fed with clarified butter. 
14. Naivedyam. Offering food. 
15. Vandanam. Obeisance before the image. 
16. Pradakshinam. Turning round and round the image. 
Namaskdrah. Obeisance and respectful homage, and 
Wisargah, or giving leave or sending away the 
deity to its place. 
In a permanently consecrated image, because the deity is 
supposed to be always present, neither respectful invitation 
nor dismissal are required. I have often seen aged Indian 
friends performing these ceremonies with the aid of a Brahman 
priest, rising at 3 or 4 o’clock in the morning, and taking 
two or more hours for the service, working out their salvation 
with fear and trembling, at all seasons of the year, thus setting 
us all a great example in devotion. 
No Jewish ritual was so severe as this, even in the great 
temple itself. One of the greatest attractions of Christianity to 
such people as the Hindus should surely be the simplicity of 
our normal services. 
The Boman ritual seemed at first to commend itself to the 
Hindus of South India, but, in most cases, the practice of the 
Christians of that church in those districts appears to have 
become as formal and as little impressive as are the ceremonies 
of Hinduism itself. Such are the dangers which are apparently 
inseparable from all elaborate forms of worship. One point to 
be commended in the case of the Hindu priest is that he 
devotes all his efforts to his god and its shrine. As far as my 
