BETWEEN INDIAN AND JEWISH IDEAS AND CUSTOMS. 97 
and two bracelets for her hands of ten shekels weight of 
gold. Madden, in the Cambridge Aids, says, “ it is generally 
believed that rings and jewels were the currency of the time. 
The spoil taken by the children of the Midianites included 
jewels of gold, chains, and bracelets, rings, earrings, and tablets. 
The Ishmaelites wore earrings ; and the Amalekites adorned 
the necks of their camels with gold chains. Judah wore signets 
and bracelets. Men wore also official chains.” The best list, 
however, is that which is given in Isaiah iii, 16-23. “ The 
daughters of Zion are haughty,” the prophet says, and also 
“ they walk with stretched-out necks, walking and mincing as 
they go, and making a tinkling with their feet.” There are 
many such tinkling ornaments, especially the Paizcb, or foot 
chains of man}'- links and drops; the Jlianjlians or hollow 
anklets filled with small pieces of metal : the Gugris or anklets 
with hawk-bells and sets of Karas or small thin anklets which 
clank together as the legs are moved. The Indian poets speak 
of the gait of a fine woman as being like that of an elephant. 
This refers to the enormous weight of her anklets. A great 
queen or Pat liani, may wear as much as forty pounds weight 
of ornaments, and as heavy a load of gold lace upon her skirts, 
and thus adorned, she may only be able to move with the 
assistance of her handmaids. 
Isaiah goes on to say in the old version of the Bible, “ In 
that day the Lord will take away the bravery of their tinkling 
ornaments about their feet, and their cauls, and their round 
tires like the moon, the chains, and the bracelets, and the 
mufflers. The bonnets, and the ornaments of the legs, and the 
headbands, and the tablets, and the ear-rings. The rings and 
nose jewels.” I possess portraits of different periods in which 
ladies are decked out with nearly all these ornaments. They 
belong to different ages and countries in the East, but they all 
prove the universality and the antiquity of those ornaments 
which are mentioned by the prophet. Two portraits of noble 
women from Palmyra, which are reproduced from their busts 
which are now in the British Museum, are especially note- 
worthy. A lady from the Panjab, and another from Oudh, and 
others from Eajputana will be shown on the screen. The forms 
of ornaments, such as armlets, bracelets, rings, anklets, necklaces, 
ear-rings, nose-rings, and other head ornaments are as endless 
in the East as are their names. Many are symbolic ; others are 
peculiar to certain tribes, castes and districts ; others are worn 
by children, married women, or girls, or by widows, if the latter 
wear any ornaments at all. Others are used by certain sects 
