100 COLONEL T. HOLBEIN HENDLEY, C.I.E., ON RESEMBLANCES 
his caste. Tobit instructed his son not to “ take a strange wife, 
which was not of his father’s tribe.” He says, “ Noah, Abraham 
and Isaac, our fathers of old time — they all took wives of their 
brethren, and were blessed in their children.” The difference 
between the Hindu and the Jew, however, is that the former 
takes the wife from his mother’s, and not from his father’s tribe. 
Tod says, that after one hundred and one generations the 
marriage of a Rajput might take place in the father’s tribe, but, 
in practice, this means exclusion for ever. The notes on the 
last Indian census tables contain a great deal of lore upon this 
subject. I mention it here because it is connected with the 
practice of excommunication, which was founded upon tra- 
dition amongst the Jews, according to the Oxford Aids, rather 
than on definite Mosaic sanction, and was of varying degrees of 
severity. The Christian community had the right to practise 
it. In India to be out-casted or “ Hukaband,” is a far more 
serious thing, involving complete separation from a man’s 
nearest and dearest friends and relations, as well as prohibition 
of marriage within his caste ; and of participation in all their 
social pleasures. 
As everyone acknowledges, it is the principal difficulty in 
the way of the conversion to Christianity of individuals, hence 
some Missions have believed in the efforts for the wholesale 
conversion of villages rather than in attempts to keep separate 
individuals from their families. 
Sectarian or similar marks are alluded to in Leviticus xix, 28. 
“ Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, 
nor print any marks upon you.” Hindus not only have 
sectarian marks to distinguish the worshippers of one god from 
another, but persons of high caste make numerous marks upon 
their bodies with ashes or earth. 
The sacrifice of Jephthah’s daughter on account of her father’s 
hasty oath, is parallel, not only by the case of Iphigenia’s 
daughter, but by the story of a young Indian prince who, 
having kept back a few minutes to say farewell to his mother, 
became a victim to the oath of his father who had sworn that 
if anyone delayed he should be put into a cauldron of boiling 
oil. Vishnu, the young man’s god, is said to have cooled the 
oil so that no harm was done. There are many such stories in 
Indian books. 
Of miscellaneous matters are the following: — The Jewish 
prohibition against a man marrying two sisters in the lifetime 
of both, though not rigidly enforced amongst Hindus, is 
strongly objected to by many. An old friend of mine, a Rajput 
