THROUGH EUROPE AND TO THE ISLANDS OF THE ATLANTIC. 157 
America. In this range* is included Ireland as well as 
England and the region of Central Europe from the coast of 
France to the Black Sea north of the Alps. That the mammoth 
was a contemporary with man in Europe we know from the 
vigorous and life-like, if rude, sculpturings on the walls of cave 
dwellings of early man and on bone. Its huge recurved tusks 
naturally attracted the special attention of the primitive hunter 
and converted him into an artist ! And from the marvellous 
state of preservation in which its remains have been found in 
the frozen soil of Siberia, and the abundance of the tusks 
found in the banks of the Arctic rivers, it is inferred that the 
mammoth inhabited Northern Asia in great numbers at a time 
when forests must have provided food for his sustenance. The 
period and cause of his disappearance in Siberia are involved 
in mystery. His destruction from the surface of Europe may 
have been altogether due to the agency of early man. 
Dr. Scharff thinks that the mammoth may have been the 
direct ancestor of the Indian elephant, and his woolly covering 
gave place to that of the present day in India, where the 
change to a warmer climate enabled the animal to dispense 
with his warm clothing. On the question of the spread from 
Asia of the mammoth, Professor Lobley has given very 
interesting details in his paper already referred to.f The 
extraordinary extent to which the mammoth, in company with 
other large mammals, multiplied in the south-east of England 
of the present day, may be gathered from the fact stated by 
Professor Lobley that from one brickfield in Essex the teeth of 
no fewer than 100 elephants have been extracted, and in the 
excavation for the railway cutting at Kew Bridge the bones of 
the following extinct animals have been taken, namely, Bison 
priscus, Bos longifrons, Cervus elaphus, C. tarandus, Elephas 
primigenius, Fclis spelcea, Hippopotamus major, and Rhinoceros 
tichorinus. 
In a work of great erudition, entitled The Mammoth and the 
Flood (1887), Sir Henry H. Howorth has discussed the range of 
the mammoth and the cause of its extinction in the Arctic 
regions of Europasia. As a disbeliever in a Glacial period, 
Howorth refers the disappearance of the mammoth to a vast 
flood or debacle of waters originating in the polar regions, and 
giving rise to the wide-spread tradition of “ The Flood.” The 
name “ Mammoth ” appears to have been first used by Cornelius 
* Scharff. Supra cit. Fig. 55 and map, p. 173. 
t Trans., vol. xxxix. 
