160 PROF. E. HDLL ; ON THE SPREAD OE EXISTING ANIMALS 
America during the Glacial Epoch, but he was not destroyed by it. 
Evidently he survived the fierce struggle for existence brought on 
in the southern United States by the advance of the ice and its 
contraction of the inhabitable area. The struggle in which he 
succumbed was that of the milder climate under which the ice front 
retreated, when other animals throve better than he ; for his 
remains are found in the peat bogs occupying the kettle holes left 
on the retreat of the ice. Even the Megalonyx wandered during 
that mild period as far north as Central Ohio, in latitude 40°. 
On both continents the study of the distribution of Tertiary 
animals sheds a flood of light on the changes of land level that 
occurred at that time, and shows that they were abnormal, and out 
■of all analogy with those now occurring. 
Mr. W. Woods Smyth, L.E.C.S., writes : — I have read Professor 
Hull’s papers with the greatest interest, and am in entire agreement 
with the views he has presented to us regarding the fauna of the 
islands of the Atlantic. I think Wallace’s theory untenable. The 
soundings of the “Challenger” Expedition lend some support to 
Professor Hull’s contention, that at a relatively late age land con- 
necting islands and continents lay where now the Atlantic rolls its 
mighty waters. It is of interest to remember that, until lately, if 
not till to-day, traditions remain among the Irish on the shores of the 
Western Ocean of a land visible from Ireland which contained 
buildings of a pretentious character. I have in my possession a 
beautiful poem embodying these traditions. It was to them the 
Land of the Blest. From the same idea of a pre-existing land 
came the custom of embarking the dying Norse kings to the happy 
country in the West ; while the migration of the lemming under 
<an impulse which drives them on, on, into the ocean, is a profoundly 
significant testimony to the fact that the Western seas once held a 
vanished land. I am grateful to Professor Hull for his interesting 
paper. 
Colonel Hendley asked Professor Hull whether any of the 
fauna of the islands (the Azores, etc.) had been proved to be of 
American rather than of European character and origin, and 
whether there was anything in the view that an “ Atlantis ” 
accounted for the origin of the fauna of the islands. 
In confirmation of the remarks on the mole, he observed that he 
understood that the animal had been found in India, though it was 
