ULTRAMONTAN JSH FROM AN HISTORICAL POINT OF VIEW. 185 
Lieut.-Colonel Mackinlay. — I wish to add my thanks for the 
very instructive paper which we have just heard. 
The progress of the Spanish Reformed Church (with which I am 
in sympathy) has, I think, been somewhat overstated. Its growth 
has indeed been slow. 
I have lived for two years in Spain engaged in gospel mission 
work, and have kept in touch with it since, and so I have had some 
opportunity to understand the Spanish attitude. There seem to 
me to be three difficulties with which the reformed church in that 
country has had to contend. 
(1) The Spanish nation strongly resented, I believe, the assump- 
tion of the authority of a bishop over those whom they 
considered to be heretics ; I also believe that the patriotic 
Spanish instinct resented the action of the foreign Arch- 
bishop. 
(2) The time has not yet arrived in Spain for any easy and 
wholesale severance from the Church of Rome : hence 
those who leave her are almost invariably actuated by 
deep spiritual motives ; they run the risk of persecution and 
they incur a certainty of loss of some kind. Men and 
women under such circumstances are apt to make a clean 
sweep. Having suffered from priestly domination, the 
recognition of episcopal authority hardly commends itself 
to most of them at the present time. 
(3) A really considerable number of gospel workers have gone 
to Spain during the last five-and-twenty years, chiefly 
from England. Few or none have gone with the idea of 
advocating an episcopal form of church government. 
I therefore think that the present slight movement in Spain from 
Roman Catholicism is towards the formation of very simple 
congregations of believers, rather than to an episcopal form of 
church arrangement. 
The Secretary (Professor Hull), in offering his cordial thanks 
to Chancellor Lias for undertaking to prepare the interesting paper 
to which they had all listened, admitted that it was with some 
feeling of hesitation he had invited the author to undertake the 
task, as he was a little doubtful whether or not the subject came 
within the range of those usually discussed at their meetings ; but 
the manner in which the paper had been received had dispelled that 
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