210 PROF. J. LOGAN LOBLEY, F.G.S., F.R.G.S., ON 
American mammalian fauna of Quaternary and Tertiary times 
with the mammals now inhabiting the eastern hemisphere. 
Recent geological and palaeontological work in America both 
north and south, has brought: to light a wonderful mammalian 
fauna that has been of the utmost value for both biological and 
distributional purposes. 
In North America, Leidy, Cope and Marsh have disinterred 
and described the remains of many genera of extinct as well as 
of living types from the Post Pliocene deposits of Nebraska 
forming the so-called “ Bad Lands,” and from the Tertiaries of 
Colorado and Wyoming about forty genera have been obtained. 
In South America, the caves of Central Brazil have furnished 
from the deposits on their floors a vast number of small bones, 
estimated at seven millions, and from these over 100 species of 
mammalia have been determined. The Post Pliocene and 
Pliocene beds of the Pampas gave many years ago the remains 
of large mammals of the orders Edentata and Ungulata, 
including the great Megatherium and the giant armadillo, 
Glyptodon, that are so prominent in our Natural History 
Museum. 
Patagonian Tertiary fossils received the attention of 
Florentino Ameghino, who named a great number of species, 
and within the last ten years systematic explorations of the 
beds exposed near the sea on the eastern coast of Patagonia 
extending as far south as Punta Arenas on the Straits of 
Magellan have been carried out by the Princeton University 
of the United States, and the fossil fauna revealed has been 
critically examined, described and determined by eminent 
paheontologists and a sumptuously printed report of this 
important investigation has been published at the cost of 
Mr. Pierpont Morgan. The chief fossiliferous deposits called the 
Santa Cruz Beds, were found by Professor Ortman to be of 
Miocene age, and their fossils have largely added to the species 
and the genera of the Tertiary fauna of America. 
The most remarkable feature of the American mammalian 
fossils is the abundance of the remains of families now extinct 
or very sparsely represented in the New World, but which are 
now conspicuous in the Old World, as, for example, those 
represented by horses, oxen, sheep, elephants, rhinoceroses, 
camels, lions and tigers ; and the general result of a close 
examination is to find more generalised types in the older and 
more specialised types in the newer deposits. 
The following is a brief summary of the American Quaternary 
and Tertiary vertebrate fauna. 
